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Elements are separated into groups with similar chemical properties. If you organize the elements in order of increasing atomic number, certain repititions occur, which makes it handy to predict how different elements in the same group will react. For example, oxygen and sulfur bear very little resemblance to each other; one's a colorless gas and the other's a non-metal solid. However, in a chemical reaction, they react very similarly, which is why they are placed in the same group.

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