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Hydrogen is a single electron species with one electron and one proton to make it neutral. Oxygen likewise has the same balance, however oxygen is most stable whem it's p orbitals are filled (i.e. when it has 2 more electrons than it does naturally). This means that two protons donate their electrons (making them positive)

i.e. H --> electron and H+ ion

Two H for each Oxygen is required therefore H2O.

Of course in reality it is far more complicated but this is the basic premise.

* When free hydrogen ions are in a water solution, they are known as hydronium or hydroxonium (H3O+) which is protonated water or an acid.

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