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Water and alcohol (presumably the question is related to small alcohols such as ethanol) are both polar molecules. A common mnemonic is "like dissolves like". The hydroxyl (-OH, oxygen-hydrogen) groups are not symmetrical; they have greater electron density on one side of the group as compared with the other. This allows the molecules to interact with each other (not bond) in such a way that the region that is electron rich in one molecule is attracted to the region that is electron poor in another molecule. A molecule that is not polar, such as oil, is repelled by the polar molecule to they tend to not dissolve in each other.

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