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It is because oxygen and iron (in the presence of water) produce iron oxide, more commonly known as rust, in a chemical reaction. Coastal areas tend to be more humid, So there is more water in the air.

Iron corrosion can also include the combination of iron with other ons such as chloride. In coastal areas chloride is present both as saltwater spray and as salt dust. This accelerates the corrossion reactions.
The reason that iron rusts anywhere is because oxygen and iron produce iron oxide, more commonly known as rust, in a chemical reaction. Coastal areas tend to be more humid than other areas, so there is more moisture in the air. Water is about 33% oxygen, while air is about 21% oxygen. So, air with more water has more oxygen, which makes iron rust faster. Think of it this way, if you separated 200 cubic meters of air with no water in it into separate parts, you would have 42 cubic meters of oxygen. This is a very exaggerated landlocked area. Let's say we had another area where the air is so humid, that half the air is water. With, again, 200 cubic meters of air, there would actually be 100 cubic meters of air and 100 cubic meters of water. There would be 21 cubic meters of oxygen in the air section, and 33 cubic meters of oxygen in the water section. 21+33=54 cubic meters of oxygen in the coastal area. So, to sum up, more coastal=more humidity=more oxygen=faster rust on iron.
iron get rusted when it come in the contact with air and moister in coastal areas the air is moist because of the water vapour in the air where as in the desert air is dry

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