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It is because the intermolecular forces(the attractive forces between the molecules of a substance) differ from one substance to another. The chemical with the stronger intermolecular forces will have higher melting and boiling points, and vice versa. This is because more energy is required to separate the molecules to melt or boil the substance, if the forces are strong. The factors that determine the size of these forces are :

  • the type of bonding in the molcules, and
  • the mass of the molecules.
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Q: Why do the melting and boiling points of a particular subsatnce vary?
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