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Each row on the Periodic Table represents a new electron shell configuration. They get longer because each progressive shell has additional electron harmonic configurations available to them. In the nonmenclature of electron shell theory they are:

S 2

Sp 2 6

Sp 2 6

Spd 2 6 10

Spd 2 6 10

Spdf 2 6 10 15

Spdf 2 6 10 15

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Q: Why do the rows in the periodic table get progressively longer as you move down the table?
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