An atom is a natural structure that has protons and neutrons bound (fused) together in a nucleus, and electrons orbiting in energy levels about it. Different combinations of protons and neutrons create different elements or different isotopes of a given element. In any case, when we look across different combinations of protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei, there are instances where atomic instability results when a given combination has been made. There are, quite simply, some combinations of protons and neutrons that are "unacceptable" to the protons and neutrons that make up that combination. This is an unstable atomic nucleus, and it is radioactive. It will eventually decay by some means, and all because that nucleus is unstable and is seeking to "get rid" of the instability by undergoing radioactive decay. The nucleus is attempting to change into a stable form, and if the decay product is another unstable form, then another radioactive decay will eventually occur. And so on until the "end product" is a stable isotope of some element.
what is the half life of an element having 3*1020 atom at the begining of decay and at present it has 1020 atom
The energy that comes from the radioactive decay of an atom can come from the electrons and can come from the strong force inside the nucleus.
Depending on the type of atom, a radioactive atom will decay by emitting an alpha particle (helium nucleus), proton, neutron, electron, or will split apart completely.
Alpha decay is a kind of radioactive decay in which an alpha particle is emitted from an atom. An alpha particle consists of two protons and two neutrons. Therefore, when an atom of an element undergoes alpha decay, it loses two protons, which changes the atom from one element to another. This is because each different element is identified by the number of protons in its atomic nuclei.
alpha decay: the ejection of an alpha particle (two protons and two neutrons) Beta decay: the ejection of an electron, a neutron changes to a proton. Fission: The nucleus breaks into separate half of unspecified number of protons and neutrons.
That depends on the type of decay, alpha and beta decay change the atom into a different element but gamma decay does not.
An atom is stable if it does not undergo decay.
what is the half life of an element having 3*1020 atom at the begining of decay and at present it has 1020 atom
The atom that results from nuclear decay is called the daughter atom. The element of the daughter atom would be called the daughter element. The atom that decayed is called the parent.
The symbol of gamma rays is γ.Between the initial atom and the daughter atom from decay an arrow (→) is placed.
Isotope
radioactive decay
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During any type of radioactive decay, one isotope (type of atom) will convert into a different isotope.
The atomic number of an atom undergoing alpha decay decreases by 2. Not asked, but answered for completeness, the atomic mass number decreases by 4.
The energy that comes from the radioactive decay of an atom can come from the electrons and can come from the strong force inside the nucleus.
Nuclear decay, etc. is defined for the nucleus. The atom consists mostly of the nucleus. If the nucleus loses two protons (in the case of alpha decay) it will have two charges less; eventually it will tend to lose two electrons to become an electrically neutral atom.