Cohesion.
Gravity for starters. Also, one must consider that water on glass has a coefficient of friction that is very low, therefore causing it to flow very freely to the lowest point. I have something to add to this. It is gravity, but its the viscosity level that makes water fill the bottom of the glass.
Surface tension will attract the water solution to the molecules of the container thus lifting it up on the edges. Mercury, being much more dense has no such attraction because it is a liquid metal.Answer:It is due to what is called cohesion and adhesion. The water molecules are attracted to each other through cohesion, which is the attraction between similar particles (by polarity). Adhesion is attraction between unlike molecules. When water is placed in a glass container, the forces of adhesion overcome the forces of cohesion, and the water climbs up the glass. Conversely, the attraction between mercury atoms (cohesion) is stronger than its attraction to the glass (adhesion). Therefore, the atoms pull together and away from the glass.
because the water vapour in the air touches a cold surface such as glass and then turns back into water on the cold surface and this process is called condensation
Water is condensed on a cool surface.
This is called "condensation" on a glass, and "dew" if it occurs on grass / leaves. When the "dew point" of air is above the temperature of the surface of the glass, condensation will occur as humidity from the air releases heat into the glass and changes state from gas to liquid.
convex
The shape of the surface of a column of water actually depends on what the sides of the container are made of, but for a glass tube the surface is concave. This is because water likes to wet the glass. Some materials, such as teflon, water does not like to wet. On a teflon surface, water will form little beads and does not like to stick. A water column in a teflon tube would have a convex surface.This is because the wet glass has less surface energy than the dry glass. Since the universe always likes to reduce the total energy of a system, the water rises up the sides to make more wet surface and reduce the total energy. With a teflon surface, the dry surface has less energy and so the water is "repelled" from the surface.
The meniscus is the curve at a liquid's surface by which one measures the volume of the liquid. A meniscus can be concave or convex depending on whether it is attracted to itself or the glass.
Gravity for starters. Also, one must consider that water on glass has a coefficient of friction that is very low, therefore causing it to flow very freely to the lowest point. I have something to add to this. It is gravity, but its the viscosity level that makes water fill the bottom of the glass.
Mercury has a low adhesive force to glass, it would rather bond to itself than another surface. This tends to create a spherical surface on open mercuric faces. Balanced by gravity the hemisphere flattens and creates the slight convex shape observed.
Water tends to cling to things because of its chemical properties. The oxygen in water carries a slightly negative charge where as the hydrogen carries slightly positive charges. Because of this, the molecules of water tend to cling together better, creating a high surface tension. It is this surface tension that helps water bead together on objects like glass.
Meniscus. Essentially it is because water adheres to the glass.
Surface tension
Surface tension
Surface tension will attract the water solution to the molecules of the container thus lifting it up on the edges. Mercury, being much more dense has no such attraction because it is a liquid metal.Answer:It is due to what is called cohesion and adhesion. The water molecules are attracted to each other through cohesion, which is the attraction between similar particles (by polarity). Adhesion is attraction between unlike molecules. When water is placed in a glass container, the forces of adhesion overcome the forces of cohesion, and the water climbs up the glass. Conversely, the attraction between mercury atoms (cohesion) is stronger than its attraction to the glass (adhesion). Therefore, the atoms pull together and away from the glass.
because the water vapour in the air touches a cold surface such as glass and then turns back into water on the cold surface and this process is called condensation
Yes.Just pour it over a glass and it'd act like a convex lens.