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Every element on the Periodic Table is placed due to their shell and electron configurations. Where the group (the columns in roman numerals) is the ammount of electrons (negatively charged atoms) in the outer shell of the element (in oxygens case 6) and the period number (the rows of the period table) is how many shells an element has.

To sum up, oxygen's nucleus has two shells surrounding it. In the outer shell there are 6 electrons. Making the electron configuration (The ammount of electrons in each shell starting from the innermost shell to the outermost shell) 2,6. Thus Peiod 2, Group 6.

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