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What reactions occur when monomers are joined together to form larger polymers?
The general term is "polymerization reactions." The main types of polymerization reactions are condensation reactions (a small molecule is lost at each step) or addition reactions (no molecule is lost at each step). Each of these is then further subdivided into categories depending on the specific chemistry that's involved.
What are the differences between step and chain polymerization reaction?
Step-growth polymerizationChain-growth polymerizationGrowth throughout matrixGrowth by addition of monomer only at one end of chainRapid loss of monomer early in the reactionSome monomer remains even at long reaction timesSame mechanism throughoutDifferent mechanisms operate at different stages of reaction (i.e. Initiation, propagation and termination)Average molecular weight increases slowly at low conversion and high extents of reaction are required to obtain high chain lengthMolar mass of backbone chain increases rapidly at early stage and remains approximately the same throughout the polymerizationEnds remain active (no termination)Chains not active after terminationNo initiator necessaryInitiator required
What is the role of benzoyl peroxide in polymerisation of ethene?
Acts as a chain intiatoor by breaking into two benzoyl chloride free radicals (homolytic cleavage) and then involves itself in chain propoogation step after breaking free in the initial step known as the chain initiation step.
What two molecules combine to produce citric acid in the citric acid cycle?
Acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate combine to produce citric acid (or citrate) in the citric acid cycle. This is the first step in the cycle, also known as the condensation step.
What is chain termination?
Chain termination is any chemical reaction leading to the destruction of a reactive intermediate in a chain propagation step in the course of a polymerization, effectively bringing it to a halt.
What are the differences between additional polymerization and condensation polymerization?
the structural unit of step reaction polymerization are chemically identical to the monomer employed in the reaction while those of the chain reaction may or may not be identical addition or step polymers take their names from their starting monomers while those of the chain reaction is not so
What are the similarities between addition polymerization and condensation polymerization?
Polymerization describes the formation of of large molecules (polymers) with repeating structure from smaller molecules (monomers) . The word polymer comes from Greek words meaning many (poly-) and parts (-mer). Many of the resulting molecules are plastics, so polymer is occasionally used in place of the word plastic, though this is not an accurate usage. Polymerization is an all-encompassing term that describes formation of polymers by any method.There are two main types of polymerization; addition polymerization and condensation polymerization. Addition polymerization creates larger molecules by opening up double bonds on the smaller molecules (monomers). These opened-up bonds react with parts of other monomers (single part) to form dimers (double part). This reaction can repeat to add another molecule to for a trimer (three part). This continues until you obtain the right size molecule and you stop the reaction. Addition polymerixation can occur using a single type of monomer. There are no by products of the reaction except the longer chain molecules (polymers).In condensation polymerization, two monomers of different types are used. They have different types of reactive (or functional) groups on them. A reaction between monomer A and monomer B results in a dimer, plus another small molecule (often water) that is not part of the polymer. To create long polymers the monomers must have reactive groups on both ends or a chain cannot be formed.Polymerization is an all-encompassing term for creating polymers by any method. Condensation Polymerization is a term denoting a specific type of reaction for creating polymers.
What reactions occur when monomers are joined together to form larger polymers?
The general term is "polymerization reactions." The main types of polymerization reactions are condensation reactions (a small molecule is lost at each step) or addition reactions (no molecule is lost at each step). Each of these is then further subdivided into categories depending on the specific chemistry that's involved.
What are the differences between step and chain polymerization reaction?
Step-growth polymerizationChain-growth polymerizationGrowth throughout matrixGrowth by addition of monomer only at one end of chainRapid loss of monomer early in the reactionSome monomer remains even at long reaction timesSame mechanism throughoutDifferent mechanisms operate at different stages of reaction (i.e. Initiation, propagation and termination)Average molecular weight increases slowly at low conversion and high extents of reaction are required to obtain high chain lengthMolar mass of backbone chain increases rapidly at early stage and remains approximately the same throughout the polymerizationEnds remain active (no termination)Chains not active after terminationNo initiator necessaryInitiator required
What is the initiation step polymerization?
In the initiation step of polymerization, a reactive molecule or chemical is used to generate free radicals, ions, or other active species that can initiate the polymerization reaction. These initiators break the bonds of monomers to create reactive species that start to link together, forming polymer chains.
What does condensation have to do with the water cycle?
Condensation converts gas back to water. It is 2nd step of water cycle.
What is the next step in the water cycle after evaporation?
Condensation happens after water is evaporated. It is the reverse process of evaporation.
What is the role of benzoyl peroxide in polymerisation of ethene?
Acts as a chain intiatoor by breaking into two benzoyl chloride free radicals (homolytic cleavage) and then involves itself in chain propoogation step after breaking free in the initial step known as the chain initiation step.
Clouds form from rising water at which step in the water cycle?
Condensation
What two molecules combine to produce citric acid in the citric acid cycle?
Acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate combine to produce citric acid (or citrate) in the citric acid cycle. This is the first step in the cycle, also known as the condensation step.
Why is the glorious revolution an important step in the growth of representative governments?
Step by step step
What is chain termination?
Chain termination is any chemical reaction leading to the destruction of a reactive intermediate in a chain propagation step in the course of a polymerization, effectively bringing it to a halt.
