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Lets first take the case of the d3 compound. The no.of orbitals in the 3d shell is 5. If three electrons occupy three orbitals then there are two free orbitals.Therefore According to Valence bond theory the six water ligands will use the two inner d orbitals the outer s and the p orbitals to form an inner orbital complex with hybrisation d2sp3.
In the second case we have the d5 compund. Since there are five electrons in the d subshell the five electrons singly occupy all the five d orbitals. Here 's where the concept of the weak ligand comes in. Since water is a weak ligand it cannot force pairing of the unpaired d electrons to make room for an inner orbital complex. Thus it has to use the outer d orbital to form an outer orbital complex with hybridisation of sp3d2.
Since the Inner orbital (low spin) complex is more stable than the outer orbital (high spin) complex. Thus d3 configuration is more stable than d5 configuration in aqueous medium.
What else can I help you with?
Is Mn2 plus more stable than Mn3 plus?
Yes, it is. If we look at the electronic configuration of Mn2+ , it is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s0 3d5 . The 3d orbital is half-filled, which is relatively stable. in Mn3+ , there are only 4 electrons in the 3d orbital, which is less stable.
Why do Cr and Cu doesn't contain a a full 4s orbital?
In the case of chromium (Cr), the electron configuration of 3d54s1 is more stable than 3d44s2. A half-filled sublevel is more stable than a sublevel that is less than half full. In the case of copper (Cu), the electron configuration of 3d104s1 is more stable than 3d94s2, again because a full sublevel and a half-filled sublevel is more stable.
The configuration 3d4 4s2 is more stable than the configuration 3d5 4s1?
The configuration 3d4 4s2 is more stable because it fills up the 4s orbital before filling the 3d orbital. This follows the Aufbau principle, which states that orbitals are filled in order of increasing energy. In the case of 3d5 4s1, the electron is placed in the higher energy 3d orbital before the 4s orbital is completely filled, making it less stable.
Why is the electron configuration for copper 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 instead of 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2?
The electron configuration for copper is 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 because copper preferentially fills its d orbital before the s orbital to achieve a more stable half-filled d shell. This configuration results in lower overall energy for the atom, making it more energetically favorable.
Why is ferric more stable than ferrous?
Ferric ions (Fe3+) have a fully filled d orbital, making them more stable than ferrous ions (Fe2+), which have partially filled d orbitals. This extra stability in ferric ions comes from the higher charge density and stronger bonding compared to ferrous ions.
Which is more stable 3d44s2 or 3d54s1?
3d10 configuration is more stable because it fills up the d orbital completely with 10 electrons, making it more stable than having 5 unpaired electrons in the 3d orbital in the 3d5 configuration.
Is Mn2 plus more stable than Mn3 plus?
Yes, it is. If we look at the electronic configuration of Mn2+ , it is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s0 3d5 . The 3d orbital is half-filled, which is relatively stable. in Mn3+ , there are only 4 electrons in the 3d orbital, which is less stable.
Why do Cr and Cu doesn't contain a a full 4s orbital?
In the case of chromium (Cr), the electron configuration of 3d54s1 is more stable than 3d44s2. A half-filled sublevel is more stable than a sublevel that is less than half full. In the case of copper (Cu), the electron configuration of 3d104s1 is more stable than 3d94s2, again because a full sublevel and a half-filled sublevel is more stable.
The configuration 3d4 4s2 is more stable than the configuration 3d5 4s1?
The configuration 3d4 4s2 is more stable because it fills up the 4s orbital before filling the 3d orbital. This follows the Aufbau principle, which states that orbitals are filled in order of increasing energy. In the case of 3d5 4s1, the electron is placed in the higher energy 3d orbital before the 4s orbital is completely filled, making it less stable.
Is NH3 more or less stable than water?
NH3 (ammonia) is less stable than water due to its lower boiling point and reactivity with acids. Water is a more stable molecule due to its strong hydrogen bonding and overall lower reactivity compared to ammonia.
Why is the electron configuration for copper 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 instead of 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2?
The electron configuration for copper is 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 because copper preferentially fills its d orbital before the s orbital to achieve a more stable half-filled d shell. This configuration results in lower overall energy for the atom, making it more energetically favorable.
What does a higher orbital state have more of than a lower orbital state?
More gravitational potential energy.
Why is a chemical that is more stable also have more toxic effects than a chemical that's unstable?
Your question has a false assumption. Water is a very stable substance and it is not toxic.
Why is ferric more stable than ferrous?
Ferric ions (Fe3+) have a fully filled d orbital, making them more stable than ferrous ions (Fe2+), which have partially filled d orbitals. This extra stability in ferric ions comes from the higher charge density and stronger bonding compared to ferrous ions.
Does orbital 2s have more energy than 2p?
No
Why are the hydrogen bonds in liquid water less stable than in ice?
The hydrogen bonds in liquid water are less stable than in ice because the molecules in liquid water are moving around and constantly breaking and reforming bonds, whereas in ice, the molecules are more rigidly arranged in a crystalline structure, allowing for stronger and more stable hydrogen bonds to form.
Why is the fifth ionization energy of carbon so much larger than its fourth?
because when ionizing it from 3+ to 4+ it has only a filled orbital which is relatively stable (just as a noble gas). When you want to take away one more electron you do not end up with a filled orbital so this is less stable and will cost much more energy. The sixth ionization energy however should be quite low as well, because after that the carbon ion has no more electrons left which is also a reasonably stable state (compare to H+)
