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Fractional distillation seperates the otherwise quite hazardous and not particularly useful mixture of crude oil into different fractions (parts) which all have their own properties and different uses which are extremely useful.

These are very important to use nowadays as we rely heavily on oil for many things - petrol and diesel for vehicles, for all plastic products, for fertilizers and pesticides (without pesticides it is said that food would cost much more than it does today and many people would have to pay much more just to get a nutritious meal), in chemicals in makeup, for central heating, for factories/power stations which we rely on for the various products that are sold and we buy, and many other things.

Without oil, and therefore fractional distillation, civilization as we know it would be very different, and the amount of humans relying on it would not be able to survive very well without it, unless of course we found another way to produce all of the products of oil on such a large scale as we currently can.

etc.

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