For the same reason a lion weighs more than a cat: there is more mass involved.
Ethylene glycol is more polar than ethanol - a rough measure of polarity is given by the dielectric constant. For example, water is 80, ethylene glycol 37, and ethanol 24.3. Water is the most polar, followed by ethylene glycol and ethanol. Another way to think about it is that ethanol has one alcohol group, and ethylene glycol has two, so it is more polar.
Ethanol is less viscous than ethylene glycol at the same temperature. This is because ethanol only has one -OH group, which is responsible for viscosity.
The blue dye is usually a combination of glycerol and something else. But I believe the most important part is the glycerol. Glycerol is heavier than the buffer that you actually perform the electrophoresis in.By adding the glycerol to your sample, you give it weight so that it doesn't float around when you're trying to pipette it into your well and so that it will just fall.
None. The freezing point of pure water is already lower than that.
Original Answer: 100 percent coolant freezing point -60 celcius This is baldly incorrect. 100% solution of ethylene glycol-based antifreeze is approximately -12 degrees celcius, higher for many of the lower quality products (which have a lower concentration of ethylene glycol). The optimum solution is about 60% antifreeze and 40% water. The reason for this is that the two molecule types (ethylene glycol and water) interfere with each other's ability to attract like molecules and crystalize, or freeze. A higher concentration of either liquid will reduce this affect and raise the freezing point. For warmer climates, 20% antifreeze is probably enough - water has a higher capacity for heat than antifreeze does. Running 100% water is not a good idea though, even in the hottest of temperatures. There are (usually) additives in antifreeze that serve to condition and lubricate the cooling system, primarily the water pump. Pure ethylene glycol actually freezes at about 8 degrees fahrenheit.. The key is in the mix.
Go google and you will find out: the specific gravity (weight in volume) of ethylene glycol is 1.1132 g/cm³, the specific gravity of water is 0.998 g/cm³ (20C). (so ethylene glycol is heavier than water. ) a gallon of water weights 8.33 lbs. 8.33x1.1132/0.998=9.29lbs a gallon of ethylene glycol is 9.29lbs
Ethylene Glycol is about 11% more dense than pure water at the same temperature.
Ethylene glycol is more polar than ethanol - a rough measure of polarity is given by the dielectric constant. For example, water is 80, ethylene glycol 37, and ethanol 24.3. Water is the most polar, followed by ethylene glycol and ethanol. Another way to think about it is that ethanol has one alcohol group, and ethylene glycol has two, so it is more polar.
Ethylene glycol has a higher boiling point and a lower vapour pressure than water.
Ethylene glycol is antifreeze. The mixture has a lower melting point than pure water.
Ethanol is less viscous than ethylene glycol at the same temperature. This is because ethanol only has one -OH group, which is responsible for viscosity.
False
Glycerol has a notoriously "bendy" structure with a lot of areas for other glycerol molecules to hook onto it and get tangled in the solution (this is why glycerol is one of the most viscous organic liquids as well) making it harder for the molecules to escape into the gas phase. Ethylene Glycol has a higher bp than ethanol because it has two free oxygen molecules on which hydrogen bonding can occur, while ethanol only has one. Generally you want to look at the type of intermolecular forces that would be present in a solution, the frequency of which they can occur, the mass of the substance (heavier has higher bp), and then the overarching structure of the molecule. Hope this helps!
Ethylene glycol is quite toxic because it is metabolized into compounds that clog up and kill the kidneys in mammals. Propylene glycol on the other hand is a common food additive. Not all glycols are the same.
Alcohol found in alcoholic beverages is lighter than water. It is called ethanol. But as far as chemistry is concerned alcohols are a large family of organic compounds. Alcohols are compounds whose molecules have a hydroxyl group attached to saturated carbon atom1 of a carbon chain. The chain may be short or long. Most monohydroxy alcohols are lighter than water. Some Diols(containing two hydroxyl groups ) and Triols(containing three hydroxyl groups ) are heavier than water. Example of diol heavier than water- ethylene glycol. Example of triol heavier than water-glycerol.
There are more than one kind of antifreeze used at different times and for different purposes, which do you want?Alcohol based antifreeze (obsolete)Ethylene Glycol antifreezePropylene Glycol antifreeze (used in potable water systems)etc.
The mixture of the two liquids (water and antifreeze ethylene glycol))has a higher boiling point and lower freezing point than water alone.