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In Metallurgy and materials science, impurities are often added to change the characteristics of a material to make it more desirable.

For example, adding carbon to iron (to make steel) can make it stronger. If you're trying to build a bridge, tensile strength is important to you, so you want steel as opposed to raw iron.

Or, if you want to make a computer chip, raw silicon is not very conductive, but if you add a little bit of boron or nitrogen, you can improve its electrical properties to make it more suitable for your computer chip.

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