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Why is sulfuric acid rather than hydrochloric acid used to catalyze the dehydration of alcohols?
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
in a dehydration the alcohol becomes charged (R-OH2+) then it can leave (a double bond is formed) the acid provides the extra H+ for the alcohol. then the resulting anion (HSO4- or H2PO4-) can do the elimination reaction creating the double bond. HCL still provides the H+and still could do the elimination, but could also (more likely) just substitute giving R-Cl and not the double bond desired.
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
Wiki User
∙ 9y agoThis depends on the specific application involved.
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Is concentrated hydrochloric acid a suitable acid for alcohol dehydration?
No. Even concentrated hydrochloric acid contains much water. Concentrated sulfuric acid, which can be completely anhydrous, is much more effective as dehydrating agent.
How does sulfuric acid catalyze the preparation of esters Could some other acid be used?
The concentrated sulphuric acid solution is the preferred catalyst for the preparation of esters. Rarely used is the hydrochloric acid as a gas.
What is a suffix for acid?
ic, as in hydrochloric or sulfuric acid.
Is hydrochloric acid the same as sulfuric acid?
No. HCl is hydrochloric acid and H2SO4 is sulphuric acid.
Will sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid corrode aluminum?
Yes.
How sulfuric acid is benificial as compair to hydrochloric acid?
Sulfuric acid can be far more concentrated (up to 97%) compared to hydrochloric acid (up to 40%). This makes it an effective dehydrating acid whereas HCl contains too much water to dehydrate compounds like alcohols.
Is concentrated hydrochloric acid a suitable acid for alcohol dehydration?
No. Even concentrated hydrochloric acid contains much water. Concentrated sulfuric acid, which can be completely anhydrous, is much more effective as dehydrating agent.
How does sulfuric acid catalyze the preparation of esters Could some other acid be used?
The concentrated sulphuric acid solution is the preferred catalyst for the preparation of esters. Rarely used is the hydrochloric acid as a gas.
What are the four most important industrial acids?
Sulfuric acid, Hydrochloric acid, Nitric acid, Phosphoric Acid
What is a suffix for acid?
ic, as in hydrochloric or sulfuric acid.
Is hydrochloric acid the same as sulfuric acid?
No. HCl is hydrochloric acid and H2SO4 is sulphuric acid.
Is sulfuric acid hydrochloric acid?
No, these are two different chemicals. Hydrochloric acid, or hydrogen chloride, is a compound of hydrogen and chlorine. Sulfuric acid, is a compound of hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen.
Will sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid corrode aluminum?
Yes.
Can sulfuric acid neutralize hydrochloric acid?
No, because they are both acids. Sulfuric acid would only undergo an neutralization reaction when it comes in contact with a base (sodium hydroxide, baking soda, etc). When you mix sulfuric with hydrochloric acid, the only thing that would happen is that the sulfuric acid would dehydrate the hydrochloric acid, causing it to release nasty fumes of hydrogen chloride gas.
If you start with 20 grams of hydrochloric acid how many grams of sulfuric acid will be produced?
Non!!!! They are two different substances/acids. The formulas for sulphuric acid is H2SO4 and for hydrochloric acid (HCl). With the exception of the hydrogens all the other elements present in the two difference acids are different.
Is hydrochloric acid considered a strong acid?
Hydrochloric acid is the third strongest acid after sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid.
Is sucrose soluble in sodium hydroxide sodium bicarbonate hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid?
No. Sort of. Sodium hydroxide and bicarbonate are both solids and without water cannot dissolve sucrose. Sucrose is not terribly reactive to alkali, least of all bicarbonate. Aqueous solutions of hydrochloric and sulfuric acids can, but not for long. The strong acid will catalyze the inversion (hydrolysis) of the sucrose to yield 1 mole equivalent each of glucose and fructose. Concentrated HCl (36-28%) will dissolve sucrose, but with the same caveat listed above. Concentrated sulfuric (98%) will cause the immediate dehydration of the sucrose to remove the "hydrate" or water to yield the "carbo" or carbon part (of the carbohydrate). The water will leave as steam whilst the carbon grows out of the vessel. A striking and classical demonstration. So yes...and no.
