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All metal has less number of proton when compared to non-metal,

in another word all metal has low effective nucleus charge compared to non-metal,

the high effective nucleus charge causes the non-metal has higher electronegative than metal as the term electronegative means the ability to accept electron from others and in order to do that the nucleus of the atom

( effective nucleus charge ) must be high enough.

That explain why metal donate electron due to low electronegative and non-metal accept electron due to high electronegative.

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Q: Why is the electronegativity of nonmetal higher than metal?
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