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The K shell is closest to the nucleus, and is the smallest shell, so when electrons are in that shell they are close to each other, and therefore also have a strong repulsion toward each other (since the electrostatic force varies inversely according to the square of the distance between two charged objects). The attractive force between the positive nucleus and the negative electrons is enough to hold two electrons in the K shell, but if a third electron were to enter that shell, the repulsive force between the three negatively charged electrons would be greater than the attraction that the electrons would have for the nucleus, and therefore one of the electons would be forced out of the shell.

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