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By using a filtration process similar to that used in water treatment plants, it is possible to remove the residual suspended solids, including the unsettled microorganisms. Removing the microorganisms also reduces the residual BODs. Conventional sand filters identical to those used in water treatment can be used, but they often clog quickly, thus requiring frequent backwashing.

To lengthen filter runs and reduce backwashing, it is desirable to have the larger filter grain sizes at the top of the filter. This arrangement allows some of the larger particles of biological floc to be trapped at the surface without plugging the filter. Multimedia filters accomplish this by using low-density coal for the large grain sizes, medium-density sand for intermediate sizes, and highdensity garnet for the smallest size filter grains. Thus, during backwashing, the greater density offsets the smaller diameter so that the coal remains on top, the sand remains in the middle, arid the garnet remains on the bottom.

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