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The elements having d-orbital as penultimate orbital and the outermost s-orbital, like transition metals, show variable valency.
This is because they have unfilled d-orbital but filled s-orbital.
For example Iron (Fe) Atomic no 26, so 26 electrons to be filled in different orbital. So the electronic configuration is
(1s)2 (2s)2 (2p)6 (3s)2 (3p)6 (4s)2 (3d)6 this is the way of filling of electrons according to aufbau's principle. But the exact arrangement is (1s)2 (2s)2 (2p)6 (3s)2 (3p)6 (3d)6 (4s)2
So Iron can lose two electrons from the outermost 4s subshell to show a valency of two. Then it can lose another electron from the 3d subshell (penultimate) two show a valency of three. When it shows the valency of two the electron configuration is (1s)2 (2s)2 (2p)6 (3s)2 (3p)6 (3d)6 (4s)0
When it shows the valency of two the electron configuration is (1s)2 (2s)2 (2p)6 (3s)2 (3p)6 (3d)5 (4s)0
And the +3 valence state is stabler than the +2 valence state, because the d-orbital contains 5 electrons (halffilled). As you know fully filled and exactly half filled orbitals are more stable than the orbitals having different no of electrons, i.e. less than half filled and more than half filled but not fully filled.
The transition metals show variable oxidation states. like manganese, Mn shows +2, +4, +6, +7 oxidation states.
What else can I help you with?
What non-metals has no variable valency Zn Cu Fe N?
Out of the non-metals you listed, nitrogen (N) is the only one that does not exhibit variable valency. Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) can exhibit variable valency in certain compounds.
Having more than one possible ionic charge?
Elements that can have more than one possible ionic charge are called elements with variable valency. This can occur when an element has multiple oxidation states, leading to the formation of ions with different charges in chemical reactions. Transition metals are common examples of elements with variable valency.
How do find valency number?
To find the valency number of an element, look at the group number on the periodic table. For main group elements (groups 1, 2, 13-18), the valency is the same as the group number. For transition metals, the valency can vary and is usually determined by the charge of the ion formed by the element.
Why transition metals have variable oxidation number?
Transition metals have variable oxidation numbers because they have incompletely filled d orbitals in their outermost electronic shell. These d orbitals can participate in bonding and easily change their oxidation states by gaining or losing electrons. This flexibility allows transition metals to exhibit a wide range of oxidation states in different compounds.
Which subshells of transition metals are partially filled?
D sublevel
Why transition elements show variable valency?
Transition elements contain 2 outermost shells incompleted including the valence shell. But when it reacts with other, it shares,gives or accepts elctrons from its inner shells.
What non-metals has no variable valency Zn Cu Fe N?
Out of the non-metals you listed, nitrogen (N) is the only one that does not exhibit variable valency. Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) can exhibit variable valency in certain compounds.
What does ni and tc perdioc table have in common?
Both are transition metals and have a valency of 2.
Which group of elements can have varying numbers of valence electrons metals noble gases non-metals?
Transition metals
Do transitionn metals have a consistent oxidation number?
transition metals have variable oxidation states
Why does Scandium have no variable valency?
Scandium has no variable valency because it has a relatively simple electron configuration, with only one electron in its outermost shell (3s² 3p¹). As it primarily exhibits a +3 oxidation state, it tends to lose these three valence electrons without forming other stable oxidation states. The absence of d-electrons in its valence shell limits the ability to form multiple oxidation states, making its chemistry straightforward compared to transition metals, which often exhibit variable valency due to the involvement of d-orbitals.
Having more than one possible ionic charge?
Elements that can have more than one possible ionic charge are called elements with variable valency. This can occur when an element has multiple oxidation states, leading to the formation of ions with different charges in chemical reactions. Transition metals are common examples of elements with variable valency.
What is used to name metal elements with variable numbers of valence electrons?
The transition metals.
How do you take out valency an element?
Group number 1 = Valency 1+group number 2 = valency 2+group number 3 = valency 3+group number 4 = valency 4+ and 4- (some cases) group number 5 = valency 3-group number 6 = valency 2-group number 7 = valency 1-group number 8 = valency 0For the transition elements they will either state Copper (III) Sulphate or it will be like Cu2(SO4)3You can find the valency by the base of sulphate and you know its positive because metals are always positive and are written in the left.Source: I am a GCE O Level Sciences Student (O2)
How do find valency number?
To find the valency number of an element, look at the group number on the periodic table. For main group elements (groups 1, 2, 13-18), the valency is the same as the group number. For transition metals, the valency can vary and is usually determined by the charge of the ion formed by the element.
What is the valency of trioxide?
S = +6 valency O = -2 valency
What are three characteristic of transition metals?
Transition metals are located in groups 3-12. They are malleable, tensile, and good conductors of electricity and heat.
