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Hydrogen chloride, or hydrochloric acid (HCl), has two atoms, hydrogen and chlorine. The strengths these atoms have on the nearby electrons are quite different, ie they have different electronegativities. This therefore means that one atom has a stronger pull on the electrons than the other. This is known as a polar molecule. Water (H2O) is also a polar molecule, and when two polar chemicals are mixed, they will dissolve, so the HCl will full delocalise, and become two separate H+ and Cl- ions.

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