Decreasing particle size
There are three things that can slow down a chemical reaction. You can have an inhibitor, something that is used to decrease the rate of a reaction, you can decrease the temp. making it colder, and decreasing the surface area (it takes longer for something to dissolve like a whole sugar cube, when it takes only a matter or seconds for a spoon full of sugar to dissolve). Hope that helped! If you need any more help, just comment.
the hydrochloric acid denatures the enzymes (changes their shapes), so they can no longer bind to the substrate and make the reaction occur.
The how much speed it takes for two substances to make one product. Many factors can affect this including the temperature, the surface area, the concentration, the catalyst and the pressure (only applies for gases)
The time it takes for a reaction to occur is a function of the reaction rate constant and the amount of reactants. However, how long it takes for a reaction of occur completely depends on the type of reaction it is -- what the order of the reaction is. A first or second order reaction reaction will occur much faster earlier on, but slows down significantly once the reactants are depleted. The rate of a zero order reaction is constants regardless of the concentration of the reactants.
how slow or fast A reaction progresses - apex
by adding an inhibitor
For a reversible reaction, the concentration of the products will be more as it approaches the equilibrium. So the rate of reverse reaction will increase and the rate of forward reaction will slow down.
No, it is not valid to conclude that the addition of a base would slow down a reaction.
It depends. A higher temperature will speed up an endothermic reaction, but slow down an exothermic reaction.
diluting with water
This class of compounds/elements are called inhibitors.
The concentration of reactants is lowered.
The temperature in addition to the pH sacle of something in particular in the environment would affect the rate of speed of an enzyme and would slow down the reaction if it is too high.
It slows it down. It's a depressant. It slows your breathing, heart rate, brain, etc.
Adding water can often slow down a chemical reaction by diluting it. This is the case of a quantitative reaction such as an enzymatic reaction.
Actually, enzymes are typically used to catalyse a biological reaction, leading to a faster reaction rate, not slower.
All chemical and biological reactions take longer at low tempretures.