The phosphate anion PO43- is trivalent. The phosphate in organic compounds is less straightforward. ATP. adenosine triphosphate, and ADP adenosine diphosphate are organic covalent phosphates. Technically the di and tri phisphate groups are polyphosphates with bridging oxygen atoms between the phosphorus atoms. The group attaches via one of the oxygen atoms forming a P-O-C link..
The oxidation numbers for phosphorous are;
+/- 3 ( 5,4 )
one
Phosphate ions have covalent bonds inside the ion (and three excess electrons too).
energy is realesed
Yes, the sugar and phosphate that make up the DNA backbone are joined together with covalent bonds. These bonds are stronger than the hydrogen bonds which join the bases from different strands together.
Bonds to the phosphate
One
It has 2 high-energy phosphate bonds.
one
Polymerase is the enzyme that speeds up the sugar to phosphate bonds in DNA.
Peptide bonds
ATP energy is stored in its 3 phosphate bonds. When the 3rd phosphate bond is broken, the energy is released. Then it only has 2 phosphate bonds.
between phosphate groups
phosphodiesterbonds
Phosphate ions have covalent bonds inside the ion (and three excess electrons too).
The bond linking a phosphate group to a sugar of a another molecule is called a phosphodiester bond
energy is realesed
In its phosphate bonds.