0
For vehicular use are generally divided into two main categories -
(i) Rigid pavements have a high compressive strength, which tends to distribute the load over a relatively wide area of soil. There are several advantages of properly constructed rigid pavements -
» Low maintenance costs
» Long life with extreme durability
» High value as a base for future resurfacing with asphalt
» Load distribution over a wide area, decreasing base and sub grade requirements
» Ability to be placed directly on poor soils
» No damage from oils and greases.
» Strong edges
The disadvantages of rigid pavements include -
» High initial costs
» Joints required for contraction and expansion
» Generally rough riding quality
» High repair costs
(ii) Flexible pavements consist of a series of layers, with the highest quality materials at or near the surface. The strength of a flexible pavement is a result of building up thick layers and thereby distributing the load over the sub grade; the surface material does not assume the structural strengths as with rigid pavements.
The advantages of flexible pavements include -
» Adaptability to stage construction
» Availability of low-cost types that can be easily built
» Ability to be easily opened and patched
» Easy to repair frost heave and settlement
» Resistance to the formation of ice glaze
The disadvantages include -
» Higher maintenance costs
» Shorter life span under heavy use
» Damage by oils and certain chemicals
» Weak edges that may require curbs or edge devices
(i) Curbs can be used of concrete is probably the most common material used for both barrier and mountable curbs. Concrete curbs are durable and relatively easy to construct.
(ii) Asphalt is frequently used for curbing, especially where curved parking is lands must be constructed. They are economical and easy to construct.
(iii) Granite curbs are not as frequently used as asphalt or concrete unless granite is quarried in the area. Granite curbs are far more durable than concrete.
What else can I help you with?
List the advantages and disadvantages of using a frame structure as a helmet?
One advantage of using a frame structure as a helmet is that it can provide strong support and protection due to its rigid design. Another advantage is that frame structures can be lightweight, which can reduce strain on the wearer's neck and head. However, a disadvantage of using a frame structure as a helmet is that it may not provide as much impact absorption as other helmet designs, potentially leading to greater risk of head injury in high-impact situations.
Which is better an angle iron or a pipe?
Heavier Angle iron is often used as a structural element in building and bridges, while lighter angle iron is used for a variety of supports such as an adjustable bed frame. Pound for pound angle is more rigid than standard pipe.
What are the factors affecting the initial setting time of cement?
When cement is mixed with water, it forms slurry which gradually becomes less plastic with the passage of time & finally a hard mass is obtained. In this process, at a certain stage when the cement paste is sufficiently rigid to withstand a definite amount of Pressure, it is said to have set & the time required to reach this stage is termed as "setting time".
What is mat foundation?
"The mat (or raft) foundation can be considered a large footing extending over a great area, frequently an entire building. All vertical structural loadings from columns and alls are supported on the common foundation. Typically, the mat is utilized for conditions where a preliminary design indicates that individual columns or footings would be undesirably close together or try to overlap. The mat is frequently utilitzed as a method to reduce or distribute building loads in order to reduce differential settlement between adjacent areas. To function properly, the mat structure will be more rigid and thicker than individual spread footing." A mat foundation is typically used when there are poor and weak soil conditions. (McCarthy, 2007)
Difference between deep and shallow foundation?
Shallow foundation: A type of foundation that is used when the earth directly beneath a structure has sufficient bearing capacity to sustain the loads from the structure Deep foundation: A type of foundation that is used when the soil near the ground surface is weak. 1. Light, flexible structure: older residential construction, residential construction which include a basement, and in many commercial structures, 2. Nice soil condition: hard, uniform soil. 3. Cheaper than deep foundation 4. Easier construction 5. Typically types: spreading footing foundation, slab-on-grade foundation, pad foundation, strip foundation, and raft foundation. Spreading footing foundation: controlled by several factors: lateral and vertical capacity, penetration through near surface layers likely to change volume due to frost heave or shrink-swell. Mat-slab foundation: the distribution of loads in a mat slab helps reduce differential settlement due to the non-uniform building loads 1. Heavy, rigid structure: other uncommon building, such as large bridge, tower, and the Empire State Building. 2. Poor soil condition: liquefaction, soft clay and sands. 3. Typically more expansive 4. More complex to construct and more time than shallow foundation. 5. Typically types: battered piles, bearing piles, caissons, and friction piles. Friction piles: Friction piles obtain a greater part of their carrying capacity by skin friction or adhesion. This tends to occur when piles do not reach an impenetrable stratum but are driven for some distance into a penetrable soil. Their carrying capacity is derived partly from end bearing and partly from skin friction between the embedded surface of the soil and the surrounding soil. End bearing piles: End bearing piles are those which terminate in hard, relatively impenetrable material such as rock or very dense sand and gravel. They derive most of their carrying capacity from the resistance of the stratum at the toe of the pile.
What is the difference between flexible and rigid pavements?
Flexible pavement: Are those pavements which reflect the deformation of subgrade and the subsequent layers to the surface. Rigid pavement: The rigid characteristic of the pavement are associated with rigidity or flexural strength or slab action so the load is distributed over a wide area of subgrade soil.
What are the mode of failure of a 'Flexible' and a 'Rigid' pavement in the contents of 'High way engineerin'?
Flexible pavement typically fails due to fatigue cracking, rutting, and moisture damage. In contrast, rigid pavement tends to fail through joint and crack spalling, corner breaks, and pumping of fines from underlying layers.Understanding the specific failure modes for each type of pavement is crucial for designing and maintaining highways effectively.
What is the difference between a rigid and flexible endoscope?
one is rigid and the other is flexible :)
What is the difference between rigid and flexible couplings?
What is the difference between rigid and flexible coupling.
The skeletons of birds are A lightweight and rigid. B lightweight and flexible. C solid and rigid. D solid and flexible?
A lightweight and rigid.
Is the current ethiopian constitution is flexible or rigid why?
rigid
What is the answer to the analogy rigid is to flexible?
The answer to the analogy "rigid is to flexible" is "strict is to lenient." Just as rigid and flexible are opposite in terms of stiffness, strict and lenient are opposite in terms of severity.
What completes this analogy rigid flexible?
The word "pliable" completes the analogy. Rigid is to flexible as inflexible is to pliable.
Is flexible and rigid a force?
No, flexible and rigid are not forces. They describe the ability of an object to bend or deform (flexible) or to resist bending or deformation (rigid). Examples of forces include gravity, friction, and tension.
What is the opposite for flexible?
Rigid
Does a hamster have a rigid body?
It has a rigid skeleton but the body is flexible.
What is the difference between a structure that is rigid and one that is flexible?
The difference between a structure that is rigid and one that is flexible is that the rigid structure will not bend or flex when force is applied. A structure that is rigid cannot flex.
