a. it used prison labor and lobbied the federal government
Excavation in road construction refers to the process of removing earth, rock, or other materials from a site to create a foundation for the road. This involves digging trenches or pits to achieve the desired depth and grade, ensuring proper drainage and structural integrity. Excavation is essential for laying down subbase materials and utilities, and it helps prepare the area for subsequent roadway layers. Effective excavation practices also minimize environmental impact and ensure safety during construction.
i live in an apertment block it is 150 meters long it has an underground garage.a ground floor a first and second floor.it steps down .as it is going down a hill .how many vertical expansion joints should be in it.it is constructed with re-enforced pillars block work then rendered
Retaining walls are built to prevent soil from being lost due to erosion or displacement down a slope. Once built, it can also be used as a beautifying feature in a garden. They usually appear as decorative, and are located on a hill or incline. Retaining walls are used to hold back soil and rocks that might otherwise slide down a hill. Retaining walls can be made of different materials such as rocks and stones.
DOWN!
The short answer... excavation gets you to grade, over-excavation gets you below grade and is based on engineering requirements. The longer answer... In grading work there may be times when plans specify to cut or excavate to a particular elevation. There are other times when an over-excavation will be specified to remove unsuitable soils to a certain depth. So lets say that you are at a site where the native elevation is at 460' and plans call for finished grade at an elevation of 450' with an over-excavation of 5.' What this means is that you would excavate down 10' (from 460' to 450') and then over-excavate down an additional 5' (from 450' to 445') At that point the bottom of the over-excavated location will usually have x number of inches to be scarified, moisture conditioned and compacted to a certain percentage of the maximum dry density obtained in laboratory testing. The removed soil (aka: over-ex or OX) will then be replaced with suitable material in lifts of a specified thickness with an optimum moisture content and compacted to a particular percentage of the maximum dry density.
a. it used prison labor and lobbied the federal government
Western forests were cut down for lumber for railroad and bridge construction
Many railroads had to run up and down steep mountains, around tight curves, and over swift rivers.
Many railroads had to run up and down steep mountains, around tight curves, and over swift rivers.
Many railroads had to run up and down steep mountains, around tight curves, and over swift rivers.
the telephone
it's simple. The rails in the railroad was layed down on a road.
Costs went down while profits went higher. Goods could be transported more cheaply.
right down the middle
Fuel oil costs which are a major expense of generating electric; and the lack of new construction in Florida markets contribute heavily to the analysis. Little new construction stiffles the immediate growth of power use.
Chinese
Yes they are. Its just one big square put together in one straight one. There all connected together to keep costs down on construction. They are also very customizeable.