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Once continuous reinforcement is discontinued the reinforced behavior will?
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∙ 10y ago
extinguish gradually.
Wiki User
∙ 10y ago
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What is Point of contraflexure?
The point of contraflexure is a term used in structural engineering to describe a specific location along a beam or structural member where the bending moment changes its sign. In other words, it is the point where the bending moment shifts from positive (sagging) to negative (hogging) or vice versa. The significance of the point of contraflexure lies in its influence on the behavior and design of the structure. Here are a few key points to understand its significance: Bending Moment Distribution: The presence of a point of contraflexure indicates a change in the distribution of bending moments along the span of a beam or member. It represents a transition from one type of bending moment (positive or negative) to the other. The bending moment diagram provides crucial information about the internal forces and stresses within the structure, aiding in its analysis and design. Structural Stability: The location of the point of contraflexure can impact the stability of a structure. It affects the deformation and response of the member to external loads. Engineers need to carefully consider the location of the point of contraflexure to ensure structural stability and avoid excessive deflections, buckling, or failure. Reinforcement Design: In reinforced concrete structures, the position of the point of contraflexure is a critical factor in the design of reinforcement. Reinforcement is typically provided in areas of a beam where bending moments are highest. Understanding the location of the point of contraflexure helps engineers determine the appropriate amount and placement of reinforcement to ensure structural integrity. Member Sizing: The point of contraflexure can influence the sizing and proportions of structural members. For example, in long-span beams or continuous beams, the position of the point of contraflexure may determine the need for additional supports or the introduction of additional members, such as columns or intermediate supports, to prevent excessive deflections and ensure structural stability. By considering the significance of the point of contraflexure, engineers can make informed design decisions and optimize the structural performance of a system. Analyzing and understanding the bending moment distribution, locating the point of contraflexure, and appropriately designing for the resulting forces and deformations are crucial for creating safe and efficient structures.
What is absolute maximum bending moment?
bending moment varies with the distance & the load carried by the beam. And also there is a hogging behavior and a sagging behavior occurs in the beam. According to the sign convention hogging and sagging bears opposite signs.(- & +). So if we are asked to find the maximum bending moment whether it is sagging or hogging we should consider the maximum value without considering the sign. That value is called maximum absolute bending moment.
Why shear is not considered in design of columns?
shear is not critical in designing normal columns (3-5 meter height). but in short columns (Pedestals) around 1meter height or less, shear would be more critical rather than moment or axial force. this also happens for beams less than two meter length in moment resistant frames.
Can a Charged Felon be a licensed Professional Engineer in Texas?
If were going to exclued people who have been into drugs at some point in their life, then we will be excluding some the most creative, and in some aspects the most intelligent, members of our species from a profession that should embrace such. We will also be denying people who have a high neuro-physiological need for stimulation and reward from the very thing that will correct their desire for drug taking behavior. Our laws are sometimes based in evolutionary ignorance.
If you are a geotechnical engineer in what situations would you specify shear box testing as an aid to geotechnical design?
As a geotechnical engineer, shear box testing can be specified as an aid to geotechnical design in several situations, particularly when dealing with cohesive soils or materials with shear strength considerations. Here are some scenarios where shear box testing may be beneficial: Determination of Shear Strength Parameters: Shear box testing is commonly used to determine the shear strength parameters of soils, such as the cohesion (c) and angle of internal friction (φ). By applying controlled shear stresses to soil samples in a shear box apparatus, engineers can measure the shear resistance and deformation characteristics of the soil under various loading conditions. Stability Analysis of Slopes and Embankments: Shear box testing can provide valuable data for assessing the stability of slopes, embankments, and other geotechnical structures. By analyzing the shear strength parameters obtained from shear box tests, engineers can evaluate the potential for slope failure, assess factors of safety, and design appropriate reinforcement measures. Evaluation of Soil Stabilization Techniques: Shear box testing can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of soil stabilization techniques, such as the addition of stabilizing agents or geosynthetic reinforcements. By conducting shear box tests on treated soil samples, engineers can assess the changes in shear strength and deformation behavior resulting from the stabilization measures. Pavement Design and Evaluation: Shear box testing can be useful in pavement design and evaluation, particularly for assessing the shear strength and deformation characteristics of subgrade soils. It can help engineers determine the appropriate design parameters for flexible or rigid pavements and evaluate the potential for shear failure or excessive deformation under traffic loads. Analysis of Soil-Structure Interaction: Shear box testing can aid in the analysis of soil-structure interaction problems, such as the behavior of foundations or retaining walls. By understanding the shear strength properties of the surrounding soil, engineers can better assess the stability and load-bearing capacity of these structures. It's important to note that shear box testing is just one of the tools available to geotechnical engineers, and its applicability depends on the specific project requirements, soil characteristics, and design considerations. The decision to specify shear box testing should be based on a comprehensive understanding of the project needs and consultation with other relevant geotechnical testing methods and analysis techniques.
Which reinforcement schedule produces the fastest extinction rate?
A continuous reinforcement schedule typically leads to the fastest extinction rate. This is because the behavior is consistently reinforced, so when the reinforcement is removed, the behavior decreases rapidly.
What are some schedules of reinforcement?
There are two kinds of reinforcement schedules. The first is continuous reinforcement where desired behavior is reinforced every time. The second schedule is partial reinforcement where a response is reinforced part of the time. Within partial reinforcement, there are four schedules which include fixed-ratio, variable-ratio, and fixed-interval and variable- interval.
Why are partial reinforcement more effective than a continuous reinforcement schedule?
Partial reinforcement is more effective than continuous reinforcement because it creates a stronger resistance to extinction. When reinforcement is not given consistently, the behavior becomes more persistent as the individual continues to anticipate the reward. This leads to longer-lasting behavior change compared to continuous reinforcement, where the behavior may extinguish more quickly when the reward is removed.
Difference between extinguished behavior and intermittent reinforcement of a behavior?
Extinction is the process of gradually reducing a behavior by no longer reinforcing it, leading to the behavior eventually ceasing. Intermittent reinforcement involves reinforcing a behavior only sometimes, which can be more resistant to extinction compared to behaviors that are consistently reinforced.
Which reinforcement schedule reward a behavior every time it occurs?
A continuous reinforcement schedule rewards a behavior every time it occurs. This type of schedule is effective for quickly establishing and maintaining a new behavior.
What is an operant behavior that removes an unpleasant stimulus?
An operant behavior that removes an unpleasant stimulus is negative reinforcement. This occurs when a behavior is strengthened by the removal or avoidance of an aversive stimulus, increasing the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future.
What is a reinforcement schedule that results in consistently high productivity?
A continuous reinforcement schedule, where a reward is given every time a desired behavior occurs, can lead to consistently high productivity. This helps in maintaining motivation and reinforcement of the behavior.
The reinforcement of each and every correct response is?
The reinforcement of each and every correct response is essential for increasing the likelihood of the desired behavior being repeated in the future. It strengthens the connection between the behavior and the positive outcome, making it more likely that the individual will continue to engage in that behavior.
What produces the most steady rate of response?
A continuous reinforcement schedule typically produces the most steady rate of response, as the reinforcement is delivered every time the desired behavior occurs. This leads to a consistent and predictable pattern of behavior.
What are the two schedules of reinforcement that produce the most effective rates of response?
The two schedules of reinforcement that produce the most effective rates of response are continuous reinforcement, where each desired behavior is reinforced every time it occurs, and variable ratio reinforcement, where reinforcement is delivered after an unpredictable number of responses. These schedules are effective in maintaining high rates of responding and reducing the likelihood of behavior extinction.
A fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a?
specific amount of time has elapsed. This means that reinforcement is delivered after a fixed period of time, regardless of the subject's behavior.
When is reinforcement given on an intermittent reinforcement schedule?
Reinforcement is given on an intermittent reinforcement schedule at varying and unpredictable intervals, such as after a specific number of responses (ratio schedule) or after a specific amount of time has passed (interval schedule). This type of reinforcement schedule can be more effective in maintaining behavior compared to continuous reinforcement.
