What is over excavation?

Answer 1

The short answer...

excavation gets you to grade, over-excavation gets you below grade and is based on engineering requirements.

The longer answer...

In grading work there may be times when plans specify to cut or excavate to a particular elevation. There are other times when an over-excavation will be specified to remove unsuitable soils to a certain depth. So lets say that you are at a site where the native elevation is at 460' and plans call for finished grade at an elevation of 450' with an over-excavation of 5.' What this means is that you would excavate down 10' (from 460' to 450') and then over-excavate down an additional 5' (from 450' to 445')

At that point the bottom of the over-excavated location will usually have x number of inches to be scarified, moisture conditioned and compacted to a certain percentage of the maximum dry density obtained in laboratory testing. The removed soil (aka: over-ex or OX) will then be replaced with suitable material in lifts of a specified thickness with an optimum moisture content and compacted to a particular percentage of the maximum dry density.

Answer 2

Digging, especially when a specific object is being removed from the earth, is referred to as excavation. Excavation is how archaeologists locate artefacts and fossils. Although there are many different kinds of excavation, they all involve making holes in the ground. Excavation is necessary for mining for coal, gold, or diamonds, and it is frequently necessary to perform some excavation prior to pouring a foundation for buildings and dwellings.

Heavy equipment performs the majority of the excavation job. Although various tools may be utilised, a backhoe, loader, dozer, or excavator are commonly employed in digging. A front shovel-bucket and a rear-mounted digging bucket on a two-part hinged arm are both features of a backhoe. On small to medium-sized jobs, it is sometimes the only piece of machinery employed. The tracks of a dozer have a front blade and, occasionally, a ripper on the rear. An excavator is a vehicle with a bucket, boom, and cab positioned on a rotating platform that either rolls on wheels or sits on tracks like a tank. Diggers and sometimes trackhoes are other names for excavators.

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Answer 3

Over excavation refers to the process of excavating or digging a site beyond the specified or required depth or dimensions outlined in the construction plans or engineering design. This situation can occur intentionally or unintentionally and has implications for the construction project. Here are some key points:

1. **Intentional Over Excavation:**

   • In some cases, engineers or construction professionals may intentionally over excavate to address certain site conditions or to achieve specific design requirements. This might be done to remove unsuitable soil or to create a level and stable foundation.

2. **Unintentional Over Excavation:**

   • Unintentional over excavation can happen due to errors in surveying, miscommunication, or misinterpretation of project specifications. It may lead to additional costs and time delays in the construction process.

3. **Reasons for Over Excavation:**

   • Addressing poor soil conditions: If the soil at the construction site is unsuitable or lacks the required bearing capacity, over excavation may be necessary to reach more stable soil layers.

   • Creating a level base: Achieving a level and uniform foundation is crucial for the stability and structural integrity of buildings. Over excavation may be necessary to establish the desired foundation depth and slope.

4. **Implications:**

   • **Costs:** Over excavation can result in additional costs for labor, equipment, and disposal of excess soil.

   • **Time Delays:** The need to rectify unintentional over excavation can lead to delays in the construction schedule.

   • **Environmental Impact:** Disposing of excess excavated material may have environmental considerations, and proper disposal methods need to be followed.

5. **Prevention and Mitigation:**

   • **Accurate Surveys and Plans:** Careful surveying and accurate construction plans can help prevent unintentional over excavation.

   • **Clear Communication:** Effective communication among project stakeholders, including engineers, surveyors, and contractors, is essential to avoid misunderstandings.

   • **Adherence to Specifications:** Ensuring that excavation activities adhere to project specifications and engineering design can help mitigate the risk of over excavation.

In construction projects, it is crucial to strike a balance between achieving the necessary excavation for a stable foundation and avoiding unnecessary or unplanned over excavation to control costs and adhere to project timelines.

Answer 4

what is excavation