coz at the end of structure construction soil grains are the one whic carry the load so useful in analysis of bearing capacity of granular soil
-> when a structural body gets deviated from its original position or from its centroidal axis due to externally applied load,then it is termed as BENDING->DIRECT STRESS is the stress which act normal to the plane-> stress and bending are the two different things. stress produced by load per area & bending is the effect produced by load and stress.
Stress is a tensor because it affects the datum plane. When this is affected and it changes, it is then considered a tensor.
according to bending stress because shear stress at neutral is 0 that is why shear force is maximum
http://www.gg.uwyo.edu/content/laboratory/structure/stress/confining.asp?callNumber=11111&SubcallNumber=11111&color=FD0038&requestor=lab
The compressive stress allowed is 25N/mm2. However, the strength of a concrete element depends on the arrangement of loads. For compression, the element might buckle before it reaches its compressive stress.
Effective Stress is the grain to grain contact of soil particles. the higher the effective stress, the stronger the soil. effective stress at a certain depth is calculated as follows: Effective stress = total stress - pore water pressure the pore water pressure is often taken as water table. pore water pressure has a negative effectice on effective stress, as it hinders grain to grain contact.
The principle stress is a maximum tension stress in a body where shear stress is zero and it acts on the principle plane. If a body is under both tension and shear then the principle stress is higher than the initial tension stress. You can calculate this and find the principle plane angle using Mohr Circle analysis or equations.
GAS principle
moderation
moderation
The effective stress analysis refers to the force that keeps the collection of the particles rigid.
the GAS principle
The GAS Principle, stands for General Adaptation Syndrome
principle stress=pure normal stress no shear stress ... ...simpler terms, there are only stresses acting in and out of planes not directly on them....hope that helps
The total and effective stress analysis is used for the short term problems like the temporary evacuations.
Effective Stress at Ground Water Table = Total Stress minus the Pore water stress, but the pore water stress is negative, therefore = Total Stress plus the water pressure in capillary zone. -kelvinbrbTSU
Le Chatelier's principle is very important in studying the chemical systems in equilibrium. It states if an external stress is applied to a system in equilibrium, then the equilibrium shifts in a direction where the change can be neutralized.