Both France and England had a good advantage over Germany with regards to artillery. For the most part the Allies had cannons that were more powerful and had a longer range then most German cannons. Perhaps the best cannon the Germans did have was a 105 millimeter howitzer.
The 105mm HE shell was first used in 1941, used with the 105 mm Howitzer M2A1(M101) by the United States.
Artillery
The weight of a 105 mm howitzer shell casing typically ranges between 15 to 20 pounds (approximately 6.8 to 9 kg), depending on the specific type and design of the shell. This weight can vary based on factors such as the material used and whether the casing is empty or contains the projectile and propellant.
105mm During the 1930's, the US Army developed a new 105mm Howitzer for their field artillery battalions that was based upon the French gun of same caliber. The Germans also had a 105mm howitzer. To this day, the caliber is still used by many nations. It will probably remain the military standard for at least another decade, but improved transportation and lighter frames make the 155 the bore of the future. Like the French 75 gave way to the 105, the inevitable bigger bang will win out. The 60mm mortar gave way to the 81mm, and the 120mm is the standard of today and tomorrow. Advanced MOrtar Systems (AMOS) using twin breech loading tubes, automatic loading and advanced fire control can place four rounds on a target at the same instant and be a half mile down the road before the rounds impact. This is a loaded question, and the is "what are you going to do with the piece?" If you're going to build a self-propelled howitzer in any NATO nation, it will have a 155mm tube. There are also towed 155mm systems that are used as general support fire in light divisions. They're introducing precision-guided artillery rounds, and those are all 155mm rounds. It's a very versatile caliber. That versatility stops when you need to drop the piece by parachute, run an artillery raid out of a Chinook, or fire it out of a C-130. For these applications, the 105mm is better--the weapon is smaller and lighter and sometimes that's important. So...the best caliber for a howitzer is 155mm.
Eddie Andrews attended officers candidate school at Fort Sill, Oklahoma and was graduated with the rank of captain. He was trained in the field artillery and specialized in the use of the 105 mm. (light) howitzer. I know because my father, William J. Dempsey, served with him at Camp Shelby, Mississippi, and during desert training in Yuma, Arizona. My father and mother told me several stories about Mr. Andrews and said that he was a warm, intelligent, engaging and thoughtful individual. My father was later deployed with the 328th Field Artillery Battalion which was attached to the Fifth Army and served with distinction in the Italian campaign. I do not know whether Mr. Andrews served overseas.
There are currently four different artillery pieces in service with the U.S. Military. The firs is the M119A2 which fires 105 mm projectiles up to 19,500 meters. The military also uses the M198 and M777 towed howitzers which fire a 155 mm projectiles. If memory serves me correctly they can be fired at ranges up to and including 22,500 meters. Last but not least is the M109A6 Paladin self propelled howitzer. It also fires a 155 mm projectile and can reach 22,500 meters. Each division typically has one field artillery battalion assigned to it. Each battery consists of between two and three firing batteries of between six and eight guns.
105 x 148 what? Nanometres? Light years?
262
At the beginning of WW 1 the British had both a powerful field gun and a good howitzer for high angle fire especially useful in siege warfare. The French field gun, the 7.5 millimeter, had elements of superiority over the British gun, including only two thirds of its weight. At the war's beginning, the French had not received any of its 105 millimeter howitzers. For Germany, its field gun lacked the range and and power of the Allied guns. Although lacking a good field gun the Germans had a large supply of 105 millimeter howitzers.
It doesn't have a dome light... it's a map light, #105
Well, there are a variety of weapons systems which the military will refer to as a "gun" (a rifle isn't referred to as a gun - it's referred to either as a rifle, a weapon, or a small arm), and you didn't really specific how big you had in mind. Light machine guns through field artillery pieces are designated as "guns". That would include the M249 Squad Automatic Weapon, the M60 and M240 medium/General Purpose machine guns, the M2 HBAR .50 machine gun, the 105 and 120mm cannons mounted on tanks, the 105 and 155mm field artillery guns, etc. The M249, M240, and M2 can be found in a wide variety of units. The 25mm autocannon used on the M2 and M3 Bradley IFVs will typically be found in armored cavalry and mechanized infantry units. The aforementioned 105 and 120mm guns used on tanks will be found in armor and armored cavalry units. The aforementioned 105 and 155mm howitzers will be found in field artillery units.