Difficult to answer because of the number of variations of the 1873 Springfield Trapdoor Rifle. A good place to start looking to identify your specific rifle is: THE U.S. SPRINGFIELD TRAPDOOR RIFLE INFORMATION CENTER @ http://www.trapdoorcollector.com/
The 1873 is actually the date on the top of the trapdoor.
The 8 is in fact a 3
Since the rifle has a serial number and the Army keeps records, you may be able to track down what unit was issued the rifle and what soldiers had it. The records could be anywhere and are likely on paper, so you shuld pack a lunch before starting - it will take a while.
Springfield
The 1861 Springfield Rifle was primarily used in the American Civil War. It was created by the U.S. army, so there is no way to know for sure who first came up with the idea. It was likely the product of a team of army engineers working together.
Originally in 1903, the rifle was chambered for the 1903 cartridge in .30 caliber (30-'03 Caliber). The Army was not pleased with it, and after refinement the US Army re-tested the rifle & ammo, finally adopting them both in 1906 as; the model 1903 Springfield rifle and 30-'06 cartridge (.30 caliber bullet adopted by the US Army in 1906).
There were numerous rifles in WWI, due to the numerous nations involved, but a few typical rifles were the Gewehr 98 of the German army, the Lee-Enfield rifle of the British Army and the M1903 Springfield rifle of the US Army. The Gewehr 98 weighed around 9lbs or 4.08kg, the Lee-Enfield weighed 8.8lbs or 4kg and the Springfield weighed 8.67lbs or 3.9kg.
serial number 1431191
The marines issued a 7.8x Unertl scope. The army the 2.5x m84
Mr.Springfield did, an American General.Well it depends on what kind of Springfield as the 30-06 Springfield which was used in World War 2 as a sniper in the U.S Army. Springfield Armory invented that kind of Sniper Rifle during World War 2. Another Springfield would be the Springfield m1903 which is used in the ROTC programs acroos America today.Springfield is the name of the Arsenal in SPRINGFIELD MASS. There were many variations designed and made by the arsenal during WW1 and WW2. The last model was the 1903A4, it was manufactured by Remington.
50-500
if its a 1913 Pattern 14. army rifle that's in good condition with a bayonet attachment and still works and has all the parts to it, its probably worth a few million
The regulation US Army Infantry insignia consists of two crossed model 1795 Springfield flintlock muskets of .69 caliber. This was the US Army's first US government made & issued shoulder arm. This infantry insignia was officially adapted by the US Army in 1922. From about 1875 until 1922, the US Infantry used the crossed rifles that were issued to the US Infantry at the time. Everytime the US Army adopted a new rifle, the Quartermaster would have to issue a new infantry crossed rifle insignia to match the new rifle. For example when the Army adapted the model 1903 bolt action Springfield in 1903...crossed 1903 Springfield insignia's had to be issued. This all ended by the new 1922 regulation.
Army Navy Match was created in 1878.