None.
Actually, if you mean "+P" the plus P indicates more powder in the casing, therefore more velocity and more muzzle energy.
Glock is a brand. 9mm is a caliber size. So, there is no difference between a 9mm glock and a 9mm of another brand as far as caliber size.
No such ammuntion as 9mm rugger
9mm = .355 40 cal = .40
Same round, different weapon design.
Case length.
Different makers. The cartridge used is the 9x19.
There is no difference- Luger is a name that is commonly used in America and Parabelum is used in Europe, they are both 9x19.
The 9mm Parabellum is longer than the .380 ACP (also called the 9mm Short) They do not interchange.
9MM Luger can be Ball ammunition. Ball just means it is a jacketed round nose bellet.
the suppressor
9mm will have the least kick, follwed by the 40, then the 357.
None to really speak of. They are, for the most part, one and the same. The 9mm NATO is merely a variant of the 9mm Luger loaded for military specifications.