If it's an on-road vehicle manufactured during or after 1975, then yes, it must. It must also have a dual circuit air system, in accordance with FMVSS 121.
On a related note, a lot of drivers seem to think the tractor protection valve is the valve which releases the spring brakes on the power unit, and pokes through the dash with a (usually) yellow knob - it is not; that is the brake control valve, which must also be present.
Neither. The tractor isn't a road vehicle, and doesn't require a licence. However, the vehicle transporting it would require a CDL if it had a gross weight rating of over 26,000 lbs (whether single vehicle, or combination of vehicle and trailer).
With the vehicle aired up, push in the clutch, put the vehicle into gear, and turn off the ignition (leaving the tractor protection valve pushed in). When the motor is shut off, release the clutch. The motor will be off and the vehicle will be in gear, which will prevent you from rolling. Now, you simply pump on the brake pedal. This will reduce air pressure in the tanks (which won't build back up, as the motor is cut off). The tractor protection valve should pop out automatically when air pressure gets below 60.
All states require a rear plate, and a plate light; Unless you are talking about the tractor of a tractor~trailer. Then the rule of thumb is "If the vehicle came equipped with it, it had better be working"
Run the motor to air up the air system. Once this is done, cut off the motor. With the motor off, put the vehicle into gear. Then, you push in the tractor protection valve, which will release the spring brakes. You then pump the brake pedal (or the Johnson bar, if you prefer) repeatedly, and this will bleed out air pressure. When the air pressure gets low (below 60), the tractor protection valve should pop out automatically.
Any vehicle towing a trailer or other vehicle is, in essence, a tractor. If the dump truck is towing another vehicle (trailer, etc.), then it is a truck tractor. If it isn't, then it's just a straight truck.
As with any other vehicle, it'll require probable cause. If a police officer sees a lot lizard go into your truck, for example, then they have probable cause to search that vehicle.
tractor
In most places, working on one's farm does not require a license. Movement of the vehicle on public roads could be an issue.
any commercial vehicle over 3.5ton GVW will require an operators licence unless exempt use like recovery or private use.
Turn on the motor and let the air system charge. Put the vehicle into gear and keep your foot on the clutch. Turn the motor off and let your foot off the clutch once the motor has stopped turning. Turn the key to the 'on' position. Push in the tractor protection valve. Pump the brakes repeatedly. Once the air pressure drops to around 60, the low air warning light will come on. Continue pumping on the brake, and the tractor protection valve should pop out shortly afterwards.
Turn on the motor and let the air system charge. Put the vehicle into gear and keep your foot on the clutch. Turn the motor off and let your foot off the clutch once the motor has stopped turning. Turn the key to the 'on' position. Push in the tractor protection valve. Pump the brakes repeatedly. Once the air pressure drops to around 60, the low air warning light will come on. Continue pumping on the brake, and the tractor protection valve should pop out shortly afterwards.
Yes. Having said that, if your commercial vehicle is a combination vehicle, the front plate goes on the tractor and the back plate on the trailer; the tractor won't have a back plate.