Yes, if you have been issued a driver's license.
They can legally get a driver's license, though some states restrict when they can drive and whether they can have passengers. If you are asking about permission from the family or parents, that is between them.
Depends on how your policy was set up since technically you allowed an unlicensed driver drive your vehicle.
YES (with the owner's permission)
Why would you need to give someone written permission to drive? You would first have to add the person to your insurance as a driver. Giving them written permission doesn't change this requirement.
Insurance follows the car, not the driver. As long as the car is insured and you have permission from the owner to drive it, you are covered.
Yes, your girlfriend can drive your car as long as she has a valid driver's license and permission from you to do so.
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A driver can drive one person and any additional people after one person must be in relation to you.
The owner's insurance covers the car and usually whomever is driving it. Many people drive cars that belong to someone else. If you are a licensed driver, you'll be covered.
If you gave permission for the person to drive your automobile, you (as the owner) and the driver could be at fault.
The unauthorized driver will be held responsible, unless there's proof that the vehicle owner did grant that person permission to drive.
Any licensed driver can with your permission, however ensure your insurance covers other drivers.