You would have to be more specific about what a Q restriction is. Restriction codes vary by state (here in North Carolina, they are numbered).
However, to test for a passenger endorsement, a road test is required as well as a written test, even if you have a CDL already.
Yes, it would be for either S or P endorsement.
Restrictions include: B - corrective lenses required D - Anatomical Donor M- Restricted to Class B and Class C Passenger vehicles (This restriction goes with a P - passenger endorsement on a class A CDL) N- Restricted to class C Passenger vehicles (This restriction goes with a P - passenger endorsement on a class A CDL)
You have to take the written test, and take a road test in the appropriate class of passenger vehicle. If you have a Class B CDL, but your road test is in a vehicle requiring only a Class C CDL, then your endorsement will come with a restriction limiting you to Class C passenger vehicles. If you're trying to get endorsed for a school bus, a criminal background check is also required. The DMV can tell you how to go about doing this.
At a minimum, a Class C Commercial Drivers Licence with Passenger endorsement and no air brake restriction (if the vehicle is equipped with air brakes). If the vehicle has a GVWR of over 26,000 lbs (which is a bit unlikely with an 18 passenger vehicle), then a Class B CDL would be required, again with the Passenger endorsement and without a restriction on air brakes, if the vehicle were so equipped.
There is no air brake endorsement. If you do not pass the written air brakes test AND complete your road test in a vehicle equipped with air brakes, then you get a restriction which prohibits you from operating an commercial vehicle which is equipped with air brakes. It is possible to have a Class A CDL with an air brake restriction.
Yes - both a written and road test are necessary for the P (passenger) endorsement, regardless of what class of licence you currently possess.
Class B CDL, and you can't have an "L" restriction (L restriction indicates you're not permitted to drive vehicles with air brakes). If you're expected to tow a trailer behind that dump truck which has a gross weight of over 10,000 lbs., then you'll be required to have a Class A CDL, again without an "L" restriction.
Yes, but you'll receive a restriction appropriate to the class of vehicle you road test in for your passenger endorsement (e.g., if you road test in an 18k GVW passenger bus, you'll be restricted to buses requiring a Class C CDL, if you road test in a 26,001 - 33,000k bus, you'll be restricted to buses requiring a Class B or C CDL).
Assuming you mean a tandem axle truck, that would be a Class B CDL with tanker endorsement.
Your question doesn't make any sense. What is a "26,001 lbs. restriction", exactly? A Class B CDL covers commercial single vehicles with a GVW of 26,0001 lbs. and higher. You would need to get a school bus endorsement before driving a school bus, though.
As for endorsements exclusive to a CDL, you can get hazmat, passenger, and tanker endorsements. You can also get a motorcycle endorsement, which can be placed on any class of licence. The only endorsement you wouldn't be able to get is the endorsement for double and triple trailers.
Depends on the GVW of the vehicle. If it's under 26,000 lbs. GVW, it requires a Class C CDL with passenger endorsement. If it's over 26,000 lbs. GVW, it requires a Class B with passenger endorsement.