Receptors are specialized protein molecules located on the surface of cells or within cells that bind to specific substances, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or other signaling molecules. This binding triggers a physiological response, allowing cells to communicate and respond to their environment. Receptors play a crucial role in various biological processes, including sensory perception, immune responses, and cellular signaling. Their function is essential for maintaining homeostasis and facilitating complex interactions within the body.