1 Principles of linear pipelining
Assembly lines have been used in automated industrial plants in order
to increase productivity. Their original form is a flow line (pipeline) of
assembly stations where items are assembled continuously from separate
parts along a moving conveyor belt. Ideally, all the assembly stations should
have equal processing speed. Otherwise, the slowest station becomes the
bottleneck of the entire pipe. This bottleneck problem plus the congestion
caused by improper buffering may result in many idle stations waiting for
new parts. The subdivision of the input task into a proper sequence of
subtasks becomes a crucial factor in determining the performance of the
pipeline.
In a uniform-delay pipeline, all tasks have equal processing time in all
station facilities. The stations in an ideal assembly line can operate
synchronously with full resource utilisation. However, in reality, the
3
successive stations have unequal delays. The optimal partition of the
assembly line depends on a number of factors, including the quality
(efficiency and capability) of the working units, the desired processing speed,
and the cost effectiveness of the entire assembly line.
The precedence relation of a set of subtasks {T,...,T } 1 k for an T implies
that some task Ti cannot start until some earlier task T i j j( < ) finishes. A linear
pipeline can process a succession of subtasks with a linear precedence graph.
A linear pipeline consists of cascade of processing stages. High-speed
interface latches separate the stages. The latches are fast registers for holding
the intermediate results between the stages. Information flows between
adjacent stages are under the control of a common clock applied to all the
latches simultaneously.
Data hazards in a pipeline can be mitigated by using techniques such as forwarding, stalling, and reordering instructions. Forwarding allows data to be passed directly from one stage of the pipeline to another, reducing the need to wait for data to be written back to memory. Stalling involves temporarily stopping the pipeline to resolve hazards, while instruction reordering rearranges the order of instructions to avoid data dependencies. These techniques help ensure efficient processing of data in a pipeline.
Pipeline depth refers to the number of tasks or stages in a process before completion. In industrial processes, having a deeper pipeline allows for better efficiency and performance because it enables tasks to be completed in parallel, reducing idle time and maximizing throughput. This means that more work can be done simultaneously, leading to faster production and improved overall efficiency.
Pipeline-depth is significant in oil and gas exploration and production as it refers to the depth at which pipelines are buried underground to transport oil and gas. The depth of pipelines is crucial for ensuring their safety and protection from external factors such as corrosion, damage, and environmental impacts. Proper pipeline-depth helps to minimize the risk of leaks, spills, and accidents, thereby safeguarding the environment and public safety while maintaining the efficiency of oil and gas transportation infrastructure.
* The main difference is that pipeline processing is a category of techniques that provide simultaneous, or parallel, processing within the computer and serial processing is sequential processing by two or more processing units.
To optimize the design of a D flip flop for improved performance and efficiency, you can consider using faster transistors, reducing the size of the flip flop to minimize propagation delays, and implementing power-saving techniques such as clock gating. Additionally, you can also explore using advanced circuit design techniques like pipeline stages or latch-based designs to enhance the overall efficiency of the flip flop.
good example for RISC processors is DSP (Digital signal processing) processors. simillarly for cisc processors is microprocessor.we can understand the difference between these two by a simple example. here it is, Convolution in terms of DSP is nothing but continuous multiplication. cisc processor performs multiplication by continious addition.but risc processor perform continious multiplication in a single pipeline architecture.
Vassilios John Georgiou has written: 'A parallel pipeline computer architecture for speech processing' -- subject(s): Parallel processing (Electronic computers), Speech processing systems
Added multiple pipelines
Efficiency=Ratio of actual speedup to the maximum speedup =speedup/length of pipeline
It allows many intsrunctions to be fetched -decode and executed once
Reduced Instruction Set Computer
No. Pipeline processors are faster because they do not have to wait to fetch the next instruction, because the next instruction was "pre-fetched" already.
Discarding the contents of a computer's instruction pipeline when they have become invalid due to events during program execution (e.g. branch, interrupt, exception, trap, error detection). Once flushed the pipeline must refill with instructions from the new path of control before the computer can continue running.
is a cascade of processing stages which are linearly connected to perform a fixed function over a stream of data flowing from one end to the other.
NetBurst is a microarchitecture developed by Intel, introduced with the Pentium 4 processors in 2000. It was designed to achieve high clock speeds through a deep pipeline, allowing for rapid instruction execution. However, the architecture faced challenges with heat generation and diminishing returns on performance due to its reliance on high clock rates rather than improved instructions per cycle (IPC). Ultimately, it was succeeded by more efficient architectures that balanced clock speed and IPC.
in 8086, there is instruction queue of 6 byte. It is one of the reason behind giving name. 8086 was introducing pipeline architecture.
The clock speed, architectural design, and socket types are different between these three types of processor. Making the transition to dual pipeline architecture and integrated cache happened during this as well. In essence, these processors are basically nothing alike. They look different, behave different, perform different, and handle internal functions differently.