Pin 1 is 5 volts DC
Pin 4 is ground.
A USB hub that runs on the power provided though the USB cable (rather than a USB hub powered by an external electrical supply).
no
A computer's power supply unit provides all needed voltages for the components of a computer that are internal. Externals either draw power from the USB bus (which in turn gets it's power from the aforementioned PSU or a Hub with a power supply) OR have their own internal power supply with a cable.
A standard USB port (non 3.0) can provide up to 500mAh of power. This is on full power mode. A 3.0 port can, if plugged into a 3.0 device, provide up to 900mAh if configured to do so.
Yes. A USB port is supposed to provide a specific amount of power for USB devices. A non-powered hub does not provide the proper power, but is still useful for USB devices that provide their own power (some printers, some cameras), or those that need very little like thumb drives.
The two outside contacts (of four contacts) are connected to the power supply in the computer.
The Voltage at which the USB Drive works at.
Yes, a USB port can supply a small amount of power for attached devices.
5v
The output voltage available at a USB port is controlled by the regulator in the computers power supply. It is fixed, you can not change or control it. The maximum current which should be drawn from a USB2 port is 500mA, from a USB3 port it can (I believe) be up to 850mA.
Yes as long as the hard drive has its own power supply and not powered by the USB port.
A USB hard disks that does not require a power supply is powered by your computer via the USB connection. Where as others require an external power supply because of the amount of power they require. It is usually a "wall wart" type that plugs in to your wall socket with a lead that plugs in to the disk drive.
A USB wire will always have a way to transport power. This wire in the USB wire will not necessarily be used all the time but it will always be there
A USB sync cable and power supply.
usb and firewire
well internal 1TB HDD use same power supply as molex unless its Sata in which case 450watt or more is preferred as they go by voltage its usually between 5v and 12v dc external HDD using USB draws it power from the power supply what u have to bear in mind is CPU motherboard DVD /drives etc uses power too.
USB and FireWire