If there are large blank spaces in each page of the program then internal fragmentation can occur. Smaller pages can remedy this, but the overall amount of pages will then increase, causing slowed execution.
external fragmentation use in paging
Paging can lead to internal fragmentation, where allocated memory may not be fully utilized, as pages are fixed-size blocks. Segmentation, while allowing for variable-sized blocks, can suffer from external fragmentation as segments grow and shrink, potentially wasting memory space. Additionally, both methods can introduce overhead in managing the page table or segment table, impacting performance. Lastly, the combination of both techniques can complicate memory management further.
If a paging file resides on a partition that contains other data, it may experience fragmentation as it expands to satisfy the extra virtual memory that is required.
Paging generally produces better solutions for fragmentation compared to segmentation. This is because paging eliminates external fragmentation by dividing memory into fixed-size pages, allowing processes to be loaded into any available memory frame. In contrast, segmentation can lead to external fragmentation as segments can vary in size, potentially leaving unusable gaps in memory. Therefore, while both methods manage memory allocation, paging is often more efficient in handling fragmentation issues.
Contiguous memory allocation scheme suffers from external fragmentation as address spaces are allocated contiguously and holes develop as old processes die and new processes are initiated. It also does not allow processes to share code, since a process's virtual memory segment is not broken into non-contiguous fine-grained segments. Pure segmentation also suffers from external fragmentation as a segment of a process is laid out contiguously in physical memory and fragmentation would occur as segments of dead processes are replaced by segments of new processes. Segmentation, however, enables processes to share code; for instance, two different processes could share a code segment but have distinct date segments. Pure paging does not suffer from external fragmentation, but instead suffers from internal fragmentations. Processes are allocated in page granularity and if a page is not completely utilized, it results in internal fragmentation and a corresponding wastage of space. Paging also enables processes to share code at the granularity of pages.
By paging I am assuming you mean the page file which cannot be defragmented whilst you are running windows. therefore you need a defragmenter that perfomes an offline defrag. I assume too that is what you meant by external fragmentation. Companies like RAXCO, offer an offline defragmenter which does solve your problem assuming I have understood it correctly.
Because sharks get their teeth cleamed by fish in the sea weed
Fragmentation
In order to prevent page file fragmentation.
Paging Paging works by dividing memory into small pieces of memory (frames) and then logically divides the program into same-size pieces (pages). Paging Advantages Easy to allocated from free list of frames -Physical memory is allocated from free list of frames -External Fragmentation is not a problem Easy to "page out" chunks of programs -All Chunks are the same size (page size) -Use valid bit to detect references to "paged-out" pages Paging Disadvantages Can Still have internal fragmentation -process may not use memory in exact multiples of pages Memory reference overhead -2 references per address lookup Memory required to hold page tables can be large
explain fragmentation?
external fragmentation