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A peripheral is any component that is not essential to the computer, but provides additional functionality. The essential components are the motherboard, CPU and RAM, along with a data storage facility (e.g., hard-drive) containing an operating system (the essential software).

External input and output devices (such as keyboard and screen), while often essential, are actually peripheral devices (routers and servers do not require them as they are accessed remotely via a network computer). The screen, if required, will also require a graphics processor, which is usually built into the motherboard itself, or is provided as a peripheral expansion card attached to the motherboard via expansion slots (such as PCI and PCI express slots). In a multi-monitor setup, both types can be used together to support 4 or even 6 separate monitors.

As to how you physically connect peripherals, every connection in the computer (both internal and external) is keyed; it's impossible to get the connection the wrong way around by accident. So if a plug won't fit into a socket, check it is oriented correctly and that it is the correct type of socket. Firewire and USB connections may look very similar at first glance but, if you look more closely, they are very different indeed. However, some connections rely upon an interference fit that require gentle but firm (not excessive) force to make the connection good. Above all, ensure all connections are fully-seated into their sockets, and locked into place wherever a latch is provided (the CPU and RAM use latches, as do SATA hard-drives and PCI express devices).

When attaching components (including CPU and RAM) to the motherboard, the board may flex and crack if too much force is applied. The motherboard stands on small stand-off pegs fitted to the chassis. While some flexing is to be expected, do try and support the edges of the board with your fingers to minimise this flexing. If this is not possible, you may have to remove the motherboard completely and place additional stand-off pegs wherever required (to match the available screw holes of the motherboard itself). If you cannot place a metal stand-off under the board at a particular point (because the chassis doesn't provide a threaded hold at that point), then you can use a plastic stand-off that clips into the motherboard's screw hole and simply sits on the chassis to provide support. This is often required at one of the four corners of the board, especially with budget chassis.

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