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How water can be modified by additives to improve fire-fighting performance?
Wiki User
∙ 15y ago
Additives are used in fighting fires because some classes of fires do not respond well when plain water is used to try and extinguish them. In fact, in some classes of fire, water actually makes things worse. The best example of this are Class B fires (Flammable Liquids like Gas and Oil).
The 3 things needed for fire combustion to sustain itself are Heat, Oxygen, and Fuel (the Fire Triangle). Removal of any one element in the triangle will stop combustion. The aim of all firefighting additives is to remove one or more of those elements. Since it is difficult or impossible in many cases to remove the source fueling the fire, most additives are focused on removing heat and/or oxygen from the fire to halt combustion.
While there are many water additives, the most well-known example is AFFF.
Aqueous Film Forming Foams (AFFF) is awater based foam that is used on Class B (flammable liguid) fires. It's commonly used in airport firefighting vehicles as fuel fires are very difficult to extinguish. The foam expands rapidly when it hits the air, coats the surface of the fuel causing the fire, thus cutting off oxygen. It also cools it, thus taking away heat.
Alcohol Resistant Aqueous Film Forming Foams(AR-AFFF)
These are other types of foam that are used on alcohol type fires
Wiki User
∙ 15y ago
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