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What is meant by clock pulse in computer organisation?
the timing of all registers in the basic computer is controlled by a master clock generation.the clock pulses are applied to all flip-flops and registers in the system,including the flip-flops and registers in the control unit.the clock pulses donot change the state of register until it recieves an signal from control unit,these control signals are generated in control unit and provide control inputs for multiplexers in common bus to choose a particular process register!
How does the concept of a vertex cover relate to the existence of a Hamiltonian cycle in a graph?
In graph theory, a vertex cover is a set of vertices that covers all edges in a graph. The concept of a vertex cover is related to the existence of a Hamiltonian cycle in a graph because if a graph has a Hamiltonian cycle, then its vertex cover must include at least two vertices from each edge in the cycle. This is because a Hamiltonian cycle visits each vertex exactly once, so the vertices in the cycle must be covered by the vertex cover. Conversely, if a graph has a vertex cover that includes at least two vertices from each edge, it may indicate the potential existence of a Hamiltonian cycle in the graph.
What is the definition of a synchronous computer and how does it differ from an asynchronous computer?
A synchronous computer is a type of computer where all operations are coordinated by a clock signal. This means that all components of the computer work in a synchronized manner, following the same clock signal. On the other hand, an asynchronous computer does not rely on a central clock signal to coordinate operations. Instead, each component operates independently and communicates with each other using handshaking signals. This allows for more flexibility and potentially faster operation, but can also be more complex to design and implement.
What controls the speed of the CPU?
1. Fab process. 45nm and 32nm allows to pack more transistor in a chip with less charge leakage and heat dissipation. 2. Clock frequency: higher clock frequency increases power consumption </a> as well as thermal dissipation. http://www.datadep.org
How can the 3-SAT problem be reduced to the Hamiltonian cycle problem in polynomial time?
The 3-SAT problem can be reduced to the Hamiltonian cycle problem in polynomial time by representing each clause in the 3-SAT problem as a vertex in the Hamiltonian cycle graph, and connecting the vertices based on the relationships between the clauses. This reduction allows for solving the 3-SAT problem by finding a Hamiltonian cycle in the constructed graph.
Each tick of the system clock equates to a?
Each tick equates to a clock cycle.
What is the duration of the cardiac cycle?
It depends on the heart rate. You take 72 beats per minute. Then the duration of one beat is 75 per minute. Then each beat will take 0.8 second to complete. This is taken duration of the cardiac cycle. You take 100 beats per minute. Then each beat will take 0.6 second to complete. This duration will be the duration of the cardiac cycle.
Consider a 16 bit microprocessor with a 16 bit external data bus driven by an 8 bit MHz input cycleswhat is maximum data transfer rate across the bus that this microprocessor can sustain?
Minimum bus cycle duration = 4 clock cycles Bus clock = 8 MHz Maximum bus cycle rate = 8 M / 4 = 2 M /s Data transferred per bus cycle = 16 bit = 2 bytes Data transfer rate (per second) = Bus cycle rate * data per cycle = 2 M * 2 = 4 M bytes per second
What is pipelining in computers?
Pipelining is based if clock cycles to process a command, in every clock cycle , three or four circuits sat idle, Today these circuts are orginized in a conveyer belt fashoin called pipelining.With pipelining each stage does ots own job with each clock cycle pulse, creating a much more efficient process. The CPU has multiple circuts doing multiple jobs.
Is it true that the faster the machine cycle the faster your computer processes data?
Yes. The faster the computer's internal clock - the quicker it can process each piece of information.
Briefly explain why a CPU requires a number of clock cycles to carry out a single instruction?
A CPU requires a number of clock cycles to carry out a single instruction because the CPU is a state machine, and each state transistion is often a clock cycle. That's the brief answer. Expanding slightly...For instance, the 8085 requires three clock cycles to read or write one byte to or from memory or IO. It then requires one clock cycle to decode and execute the opcode. It requires three additional cycles for each further byte transferred, and sometimes two cycles for certain 16 bit register operations.At a lower level, more generalized for any type of CPU, it might take a clock cycle to load the accumulator with a register, another to add the accumulator to another register, and a third to store the accumulator back to the first register. That's just an example. It depends on the CPU's design.Internally, each clock cycle in the 8085 is actually two cycles with four edges between them. Without knowing Intel's internal design of the 8085, it is possible to think that four different state changes could occur for each external clock cycle. One could take this further, by introducing delay lines which could effect other state changes.
What is the function of READY pin of 8085?
The READY pin on the 8085 microprocessor is used to delay the completion of a bus transfer cycle. It is sampled by the 8085 at the falling edge of clock following ALE. If it is high, the cycle completes. If it is low, the cycle is extended by one clock, with all lines held steady - then it is sampled again at each of the next falling edges of clock until it is high. The purpose of READY is to allow (usually) memory devices to operate at a slower speed than the 8085.
What is the wait state in microprocessor?
The wait state, TWait, is a extra clock cycle added to the machine cycle to allow time for external hardware to respond. During this extra cycle, none of the address, data, or control pins change state. Wait state is entered if READY is false (LOW) on the rising edge of clock following ALE. READY is sampled each rising edge of clock thereafter and wait state will not be exited until READY is true (HIGH).
How many instructions are there in each clock cycle?
If this is a homework assignment, you really should try to answer it on your own first, otherwise the value of the reinforcement of the lesson due to actually doing the assignment will be lost on you.The number of clock cycles per instruction in the 8085 varies between 4 and 18, so the number of instructions per clock cycle varies between 0.25 and 0.056. This does not include wait states.
What is pipelining in pic microcontroller?
In PIC Microcontroller , During the Fatching of instruction no. 1it needs of one clock cycle, then after for the exicution of instruction no. 1 it reqires one extra clock cycle , but at the same time it fatches inst. no. 2 . Similarly, during the execution time of inst. no. 2 , it fatches inst. no. 3 and so on.In other words we can say that, PIC Microcontroller requires 2 clock cycle at starting the after it requires only one clock pulse. In this way we can say that instruction pipelining is done in PIC microcontroller.
What is the function of ready pin of 8085 microprocessor?
The READY pin on the 8085 microprocessor is used to delay the completion of a bus transfer cycle. It is sampled by the 8085 at the falling edge of clock following ALE. If it is high, the cycle completes. If it is low, the cycle is extended by one clock, with all lines held steady - then it is sampled again at each of the next falling edges of clock until it is high. The purpose of READY is to allow (usually) memory devices to operate at a slower speed than the 8085.
What is faradic stimulation?
it is a shor t duration interrupted direct current,with a pulse duration of 0.1-1 ms.a frequecy of 50-100hz. -it is unevenly alterntaing current,each cycle consisting of2 unequal phases,the first one is of low intensity & long duration,second one is high intensity & short duration
