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El comportamiento de un generador síncrono comprende fundamentalmente dos condiciones de operación: a) estado transitorio y b) estado estable Las características del generador en estado estable se refieren sobre todo a los límites térmicos para la operación segura del generador Es muy útil que el operador conozca las características de comportamiento en estado estable (Capabilidad) de su máquina, ya que éstas marcan las condiciones límites de operación, además el operador puede conocer como influyen los parámetros de la unidad en su operación y no dependen de que los instrumentos de medición tengan indicados los límites. La curva o diagrama de capabilidad se basa en un diagrama fasorial de potencias activa y reactiva llamado Diagrama Circular de la Máquina Síncrona A la curva de capabilidad se le llama también diagrama de límite térmico, porque permite determinar el valor al cual la máquina sus embobinados y sus núcleos, alcanzan la temperatura de régimen de operación estable de acuerdo a sus aislamientos y manufactura. La primera restricción proviene de la potencia que puede proporcionar la turbina. Operando a esta potencia, la maquina puede generar o absorber potencia reactiva. Si aumentamos la potencia activa, tenemos una menor capacidad de generar o absorber potencia reactiva En cualquier caso la potencia aparente no puede ser mayor a la capacidad del generador, porque elevaría la temperatura de los devanados del estator por encima del nivel para el que fueron diseñados El límite de capabilidad en la sección superior de la curva corresponde a los límites térmicos del campo y de la armadura del generador. El campo electromagnético de excitación (CD) y el del estator (CA) girando en sincronismo forman un campo que atraviesa el entrehierro radialmente. Este flujo aumenta las perdidas en el nucleo y genera calor adicional. Normalmente, el campo del generador es ajustado de tal forma que se entregan potencia real y potencia reactiva al sistema de potencia. En la región de operación normal, la curva de capabilidad del generador muestra los límites de operación. Éstos son límites térmicos (rotor y estator). En el área de subexcitación, la operación es limitada por el calentamiento del hierro en el extremo del estator

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Q: Importance of capability curve of a genertator?
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