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Most of the application layer protocols are layered on top of either TCP or UDP. Therefore, TCP and UDP have to concurrently handle the many disparate data streams sent to them from the application layer. The demultiplexing process would be hopelessly complicated and impossible to handle without some means of identifying which data stream a particular segment of data belongs to. Both TCP and UDP provide a port identifier to uniquely identify each data stream. A set of standard port numbers are assigned by the IANA to the major aplication layer protocols. These 'well known' ports make it easier to find the corresponding server for a particular protocol on a host. e.g. SMTP servers can usually be found on port 25 and HTTP servers are usually on port 80. The combination of a TCP/UDP port and an IP address uniquely identifies a particular service on a particular host. The term 'socket' is usually used to refer to the combination of the TCP/UDP port and IP address.

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Q: Services provided by TCP and UDP to application layer?
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