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Suppose you want to send 1000 seven-bit characters of data How many total bits will you transmit using asynchronous transmission How many bits total will you transmit using synchronous transmissio?
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Definition of transmission modes of a computer network?
•Defn: A transmission mode is the manner in which data is sent over the underlying medium •Transmission modes can be divided into two fundamental categories: • Serial - one bit is sent at a time -Serial transmission is further categorized according to timing of transmissions • Parallel - multiple bits are sent at the same time
What is the maximum caption size for a label?
(a) 240 characters (b) 255 characters (c) label does not have a caption property (d) unlimited
How many characters in a kilo character?
1000
What are special characters?
in excel workbook these are symbols.
Can ophcrack crack passwords longer than 10 characters?
I believe it depends on the table you use, however it should be able to crack at least 12 characters.
How many characters per second can be transmitted over a 1200-band line in each what modes considering a character code of 8 bits synchronous serial transmission asynchronous with 1 stop?
for 8 bit synchronous serial transmission total transmitted characters will be 1200/8 and for asynchronous transmission with 1 stop total bit will be (8+1+1=10) i.e. (8 bit + start bit+stop bit) so transmitted characters will be 1200/10
What is a major disadvantage of asynchronous transmission?
Major disadvantage of asynchronous transmission is that the transmission lines is idle during the time intervals between transmitting characters.
What is the difference between uart and usart?
UART is universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter. It is a piece of computer hardware that translates data between parallel and serial forms. Modern ICs that have UART's that can also communicate synchronously are called USARTs (universal synchronous/asynchronous receiver/transmitter).
What is syncronous modem?
Synchronous and Asynchronous data transfer are two methods of sending data over a phone line. In synchronous data transmission, data is sent via a bit-stream, which sends a group of characters in a single stream In order to do this, modems gather groups of characters into a buffer, where they are prepared to be sent as such a stream. In order for the stream to be sent, synchronous modems must be in perfect synchronization with each other. They accomplish this by sending special characters, called synchronization, or syn, characters. When the clocks of each modem are in synchronization, the data stream is sent. In asynchronous transmission, data is coded into a series of pulses, including a start bit and a stop bit. A start bit is sent by the sending modem to inform the receiving modem that a character is to be sent. The character is then sent, followed by a stop bit designating that the transfer of that bit is complete.
Why are asynchronous protocols inherently slow?
They handle each character in a bit stream independently, They demarcate characters in transmission with start and stop bits, They apply variable-length gaps between characters in a transmission.
What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous data transmission?
Both of these forms of communication are a means of transmitting data. The difference is in the format that the data is transmitted. Asynchronous communications is the method of communications most widely used for PC communication and is commonly used for e-mail applications, Internet access, and asynchronous PC-to-PC communications. Through asynchronous communications, data is transmitted one byte at a time with each byte containing one start bit, eight data bits, and one stop bit, thus yielding a total of ten bits. With asynchronous communications, there is a high amount of overhead because every byte sent contains two extra bits (the start and stop bits) and therefore a substantial loss of performance. Synchronous communications is the more efficient method of communications. CQ's connectivity solutions communicate through the synchronous method of communications. Through synchronous communications, data is transmitted as frames of large data blocks rather than bulky individual bytes. One advantage of synchronous is that control information is easily inserted at the beginning and end of each block to ensure constant timing, or synchronization. Another advantage of synchronous is that it is more efficient than asynchronous. For example, a 56 Kbps dial-up synchronous line can carry 7000 bytes per second (56000/8) compared to a 56 Kbps dial-up asynchronous line which can only carry 5600 bytes per second (56000/10). When transmitting large amounts of information, this translates into a significant increase in speed and performance. To see this work you can work out the efficiency rates and time that it takes to send each message Asynchronous would be worked out as follows To get the efficiency of it you get assuming the message is being send over a 100mb line and 70 bytes to send and 300 characters then it is 70*8 = 560 (the 8 is for the 8 bits to make up each byte) the 70*2 (the start and stop bit) =140 = 700 then to get 560*100/700= 80 that means that 80% efficient To get the time Asynchronous 300 *(1+7+1+1) =3000 take this and divide it by the size of the line in this case 100mb so that is then 3000/100=30 that means that it would take 30 seconds to send for synchronous efficiency Then 70*8= 560 then 4 bytes = 4*8 (the over head bits) = 32 560+32=592 560*100/592=94.5 then that's 94.5% efficient and for the time then it is just 300+4*8=2342/100=23.42 that's then 23.42 seconds this shows you which is faster and more efficient in each case
How many characters per second can be transmitted over a 2400 bps line if the transfer is synchronous in computer scinence?
its 2400/8=300 if it is synchrouous
How much will a BMW transmission cost?
please supply the last seven characters of your chassis number and i can find this information for you. Adamski (adam.francis@snowsgroup.co.uk)
Definition of transmission modes of a computer network?
•Defn: A transmission mode is the manner in which data is sent over the underlying medium •Transmission modes can be divided into two fundamental categories: • Serial - one bit is sent at a time -Serial transmission is further categorized according to timing of transmissions • Parallel - multiple bits are sent at the same time
What do the initials SMS in texting stand for?
Short Message Service, a protocol that supports transmission of text only messages up to 160 characters long.
What is transmission in communication?
Transmission modes A given transmission on a communications channel between two machines can occur in several different ways. The transmission is characterised by: the direction of the exchanges the transmission mode: the number of bits sent simultaneously synchronisation between the transmitter and receiver Simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex connections There are 3 different transmission modes characterised according to the direction of the exchanges: A simplex connection is a connection in which the data flows in only one direction, from the transmitter to the receiver. This type of connection is useful if the data do not need to flow in both directions (for example, from your computer to the printer or from the mouse to your computer...). A half-duplex connection (sometimes called an alternating connection or semi-duplex) is a connection in which the data flows in one direction or the other, but not both at the same time. With this type of connection, each end of the connection transmits in turn. This type of connection makes it possible to have bidirectional communications using the full capacity of the line. A full-duplex connection is a connection in which the data flow in both directions simultaneously. Each end of the line can thus transmit and receive at the same time, which means that the bandwidth is divided in two for each direction of data transmission if the same transmission medium is used for both directions of transmission. Serial and parallel transmission The transmission mode refers to the number of elementary units of information (bits) that can be simultaneously translated by the communications channel. In fact, processors (and therefore computers in general) never process (in the case of recent processors) a single bit at a time; generally they are able to process several (most of the time it is 8: one byte), and for this reason the basic connections on a computer are parallel connections. Parallel connection Parallel connection means simultaneous transmission of N bits. These bits are sent simultaneously over N different channels (a channel being, for example, a wire, a cable or any other physical medium). The parallel connection on PC-type computers generally requires 10 wires. These channels may be: N physical lines: in which case each bit is sent on a physical line (which is why parallel cables are made up of several wires in a ribbon cable) one physical line divided into several sub-channels by dividing up the bandwidth. In this case, each bit is sent at a different frequency... Since the conductive wires are close to each other in the ribbon cable, interference can occur (particularly at high speeds) and degrade the signal quality... Serial connection In a serial connection, the data are sent one bit at a time over the transmission channel. However, since most processors process data in parallel, the transmitter needs to transform incoming parallel data into serial data and the receiver needs to do the opposite. These operations are performed by a communications controller (normally a UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) chip). The communications controller works in the following manner: The parallel-serial transformation is performed using a shift register. The shift register, working together with a clock, will shift the register (containing all of the data presented in parallel) by one position to the left, and then transmit the most significant bit (the leftmost one) and so on: The serial-parallel transformation is done in almost the same way using a shift register. The shift register shifts the register by one position to the left each time a bit is received, and then transmits the entire register in parallel when it is full: Synchronous and asynchronous transmission Given the problems that arise with a parallel-type connection, serial connections are normally used. However, since a single wire transports the information, the problem is how to synchronise the transmitter and receiver, in other words, the receiver can not necessarily distinguish the characters (or more generally the bit sequences) because the bits are sent one after the other. There are two types of transmission that address this problem: An asynchronous connection, in which each character is sent at irregular intervals in time (for example a user sending characters entered at the keyboard in real time). So, for example, imagine that a single bit is transmitted during a long period of silence... the receiver will not be able to know if this is 00010000, 10000000 or 00000100... To remedy this problem, each character is preceded by some information indicating the start of character transmission (the transmission start information is called a START bit) and ends by sending end-of-transmission information (called STOP bit, there may even be several STOP bits). In a synchronous connection, the transmitter and receiver are paced by the same clock. The receiver continuously receives (even when no bits are transmitted) the information at the same rate the transmitter send it. This is why the transmitter and receiver are paced at the same speed. In addition, supplementary information is inserted to guarantee that there are no errors during transmission. During synchronous transmission, the bits are sent successively with no separation between each character, so it is necessary to insert synchronisation elements; this is called character-level synchronisation.
What is the efficiency of ascii character using asynchronous data with two stop bits?
The efficiency of ascii characters using asynchronous data transfer protocol with two stop bits is 8 in 11, or 72%. There is one start bit, eight data bits*, and two stop bits. That is 11 bit cells, in which a payload of 8 bits is possible, hence the 8 in 11. *Actually there are only 7 data bits in ASCII... latin-1 and several other incompatible extensions to ASCII have 8. Which one is in use varies between languages - many European countries use different encodings which have the same meanings for the first 128 characters but different for the second 128 depending on what extra characters are required in the language in question. If the payload was 7 bits, for pure ASCII, then the efficiency with one start bit and two stop bits would be 7 in 10, or 70%.
