Network Admidistrators use routers in large networks for packet filtering, connections between LAN's and WAN's and traffic control. The main benefit of these is that it filters traffic to where if a packet is sent on a local segment it will get discarded if it does not apply to any other devices on the network.
1- Reduces routing table entries 2- Ease of management and troubleshooting.
Classful routing protocols do not carry subnet mask information on their routing updates. This makes them unsuitable for hierarchical addressing that require Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) and discontiguous network. Classless routing protocols do carry subnet mask information on their routing updates.RIP v1 and IGRP are classful routing protocols. RIP v2, EIGRP, OSPF, and BGP are classless routing protocol.When running a classful routing protocol on a network, make sure you use the same subnet mask everywhere. Otherwise, routing black holes can occur.Classless routing protocols extend the standard Class A, B, or C IP addressing scheme by using a subnet mask or mask length to indicate how routers must interpret an IP network ID. Classless routing protocols include the subnet mask along with the IP address when advertising routing information. Subnet masks representing the network ID are not restricted to those defined by the address classes, but can contain a variable number of high-order bits. Such subnet mask flexibility enables you to group several networks as a single entry in a routing table, significantly reducing routing overhead. Classless routing protocols includes RIP v2 and OSPF, Border Gateway Protocol version 4 (BGP4) and Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS).
MAC addresses are flat.
it is known as bee routing
Routing is the process that direct a packet to choose an optimal path from source to destination. Routing is of two types static routing and dynamic routing . Dynamic routing is not done manually and uses a number of protocols , it is automatic.
Distance vector routing is used when the network is simple and has no hierarchical design. Examples of distance vector routing protocols are RIP and IGRP.
The use of network prefixes in IP addressing enables it to be hierarchical. By subdividing the address space into network and host portions, IP addresses can be aggregated into larger blocks that simplify routing and management of networks. This hierarchical structure allows for efficient routing of data packets across a network.
routing between VLANs
is rapid fast but it dont have paths if a line brokes
1- Reduces routing table entries 2- Ease of management and troubleshooting.
distribution
There are many companies that provide call routing services. Ring Central and Dial 800 are two such services that a business many take advantage of when it comes to calling.
It is used for routing the packets hierarchically and it is designed for the following Reasons: 1)Routers need more memory space to store the routing tables. 2)More CPU time needed to scan table. 3)More Bandwidth required to send the scanned report. So this routing algorithm divides the router into number of routers called regions and maintain tables for them to decrease the size. this is done in TELEPHONE SYSTEM.
Use of primary keys less data redundancy compatible with inconsistencies associated with database anomalies
a hierarchical (novanet)
This means that those in positions of power should not exploit or take advantage of those who are under their authority. It highlights the importance of ethical leadership and fair treatment of subordinates in a hierarchical structure.
What is central hierarchical database?