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Bus interconnection is important component of computer: architecture. It is a communication channel. It connects various components of computer to communicate with each other.

The instruction (I) bus allows communication between the CPU and memory. It carries to the CPU the program instruction words to be operated on by the CPU from memory or returns instructions to memory. The I bus is controlled by the CPU. It is capable of sending or receiving data while the operand(O) bus is receiving or sending data at the same time, but only in one direction at a time. Operand (O) Bus The operand (O) bus allows communication between the CPU and memory or the CPU and an I/O Controller (IOC). The CPU controls the operation in both cases. The O bus is capable of sending or receiving data, while the I bus is receiving or sending data at the same time, but only in one direction at a time. The direction of the data depends on whether the CPU is reading data from memory or data is being written back into memory.

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