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A packet may be lost due to congestion: too many packets are sent, the queue gets full, and eventually the router or switch starts dropping packets. It may also occur due to different failures; including temporary cabling problems, problems in a switch or router, etc.; these in turn can cause temporary problems with the routing information (a "non-converged network"), causing the packets to travel in loops until the TTL runs out, or a router erroneously concluding that a certain address can't be reached. This latter problem might also be caused by a misconfigured router.

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