0
bale bale
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
Add your answer:
Earn +20 pts
What does IPO stands for in Computers?
It stands for Input Processing Output.
Simple model of a computer?
A computer system can be divided into 5 components:HardwareSoftwareDataProceduresPersonnelIn studying Computer Systems' Architecture, only the first 3 of these are of direct interest.HardwareProcessora.k.a. CPU / Central Processing UnitComponents: ALU / Arithmetic Logic Unit: arithmetic & Boolean logic operationsCU / Control Unit: instruction processing sequencing and controlInterface Unit: (internal) bus structureAlternate View Execution Unit: instruction circuits (including ALU)Control Unit: instruction retrieval, sequencing, and EU sub-circuit selectionRegisters: limited, quick-access data "containers" and "flags"Internal Bus InterfaceInput & Output DevicesActual electrical or electro-mechanical IO devices (e.g. keyboards, printers, video monitor) will not be considered as significant in our study of Computer Systems' Architectures.Input & Output InterfaceExternal Bus Structurecollection of "wires" that carries power and signals between different computer componentsChannelseparate, special purpose IO processor connecting an IO device to the CPU (or "main memory"); may perform signal conversion, timing control, buffering, etc.Communicationsdirect/indirect connection to other computer systems based on pre-agreed upon "protocol" (shared rules for how communication is to take placeStorage / Memory(Main) Memory / Primary Storage addressed cellseach containing a binary patternunits:byte(typically 8 "bits") - characterword(typically 32 "bits" but many different sizes are found on different computer systems) - basic numeric unit; basic unit of data transferKbytes210 bytes (1024)Mbytes220 bytes (1,048,576)Gbytes230 bytes (1,300,109,824)usage: "active" data and instructions (i.e. instructions and data currently being processedJohn vonNeumann & stored program concept vs. Babbage's engine with separate data and instruction storesRAM vs. ROMROM is non-modifiable (by normal computer operation)(Secondary) Storage long-term (inactive) data and program storageexamples: disk, tape, CDunits: typically stored in "blocks" of multiple words/bytes (physical records)REGISTERSMAIN MEMORYSECONDARY STORAGESPEEDvery fastfastslowDURATIONvery short-termshort-term (while program is active)long-termPOWER DOWN EFFECTdata lostRAM- data lost; ROM - data maintainedmaintainedSIZE OF UNIT TRANSFERREDbit, byte, or wordbyte or wordphysical record most commonALU ACCESSyesindirect onlynoSoftwareSystem SoftwareOperating SystemUtilities (may be built into OS or external programs)Application SoftwareApplication tools: word processors, spreadsheet managers, etc.Corporate applications: in-house systems e.g. inventory managementHigh-level vs. Machine-level SoftwareHigh-level: "source" instructions in a language such as COBOLMachine-level: binary patterns with no immediate human meaningHigh-level instructions must be converted into Machine-level instructions before they can be processed by a "processor"; this conversion is a one-to-many processInstruction Classesdata transfer (copying data)data transform (modifying data)instruction flow control (changing the default sequence)DataOne of the major requirements of any computer system is the ability to represent and manipulate values ("data"). In general, digital computers (the only type considered in this course) represent values as patterns of "off" and "on" signals. Each value requires a different pattern (or, at least, a pattern which is different from any other value of the same type). Different types of values generally are represented using different "encoding schemes". An "encoding scheme" specifies how many "off" and "on" signals are required for each value, and provides a unique pattern of signals for each possible value.Data vs. InformationTwo terms common in any discussion of computer systems are "data" and "information". The difference in meaning between these two terms is based on the concept that "information" is "data" which has "meaning" to someone (or something) outside of the computer system. "Information" is "data" which has meaning. The most common task of a computer system (especially when the input source and the output destination are the same) is to transform data into information. In fact, this is sometimes used as the basis for alternative definitions of a computer system .The concept of "meaning" can be difficult. Generally, we think of "meaning" as implying that something with intelligence exists for which the "data" has meaning. When the output of a computer system is the automated control of some other system (as in CAD, Computer Aided Manufacturing), we end up debating, the unresolved question of what is meant by "intelligence".1. The IPO(S) ModelA computer system can be thought of as a collection of components which together are capable of 3 operations: Input, Processing, and Output. A fourth operation, Storage, is also required for practical computer systems. Note that the IPO(S), Input-Process-Output(-Storage), model is applied to at least two different areas:the collection of "equipment" that makes up a computer systemthe "actions" that a computer system is capable of performing.Input:A computer system must include a method for accepting "data" and "instructions" from outside the system. Power or energy sources required to enable operation of the computer system are not "inputs".Processing:A computer system must include the ability to change or "transform" data which has been input. These "transformations" typically include (but are not limited to) selecting subsets of the datacounting and accumulating totals of selected data valuesre-arranging the sequence or "format" of dataOutput:A computer system must include the ability to send processed data to outside the system in a form that can be used by the "outside world". This "outside world" might be the human "users" of the computer system, but alternatively could be electrical or mechanical controls for automated equipment, or the "inputs" for some other system. Storage:We would not normally consider a collection to be a computer system unless it included some form of memory of previous input or processed data. For example, system composed of an electrical power supply, an on/off switch, a light bulb, and appropriate wiring to connect the other three components would not normally be considered to be a computer system (although it contains IPO elements of a basic form). Replacing the on/off switch with a "toggle button", which would reverse the current on/off "state" of the light, would give us something closer to a computer system. For the purposes of this course memory (or "storage") will be considered to be an essential element of any computer system.
What do you mean by ipo cycle in computer organization?
An IPO cycle is a business term, as far as I know.
What do you understand by IPO cycle?
IPO cycle stands for input-processing-output. data in computer flow in a system. input is the data floeing into system. the next stage is manipulating i.e PROCESSING. Ten final stage is out put information
What are examples IPO cycle?
IPO cycle stands for Input-Process-Output cycle For example, if you want to make a copy of an important paper, you first scan the paper (inputting the data), make adjustments if you want to (processing the data), and the print it (outputting the data). Here, the scanner is the input unit through which you feed the data to the computer. The CPU is the processing unit which applies the changes you make to the data, that is, it processes the data. The printer is the output unit through which you obtain the result of the data you earlier fed to the computer.
Indian share market ipo related topics?
Some IPO Related topics are:The IPO ProcessIntermediaries Involved in an IPOTypes of IPO IssuesCategories of Investors for an IPO
How do you pronounce IPO in hawaiian?
ipo
Why was the FB IPO a failure?
What's IPO
Objective of ipo?
what is the full form of ipo
In what year did Aquasition Corp - AQUUW - have its IPO?
Aquasition Corp. (AQU) had its IPO in 2013.
In what year did Apple Inc - AAPL - have its IPO?
Google Inc. (GOOG) had its IPO in 2004.
In what year did IHS Inc - IHS - have its IPO?
IHS Inc had its IPO in the year 2005.
In what year did CEPHEID - CPHD - have its IPO?
CEPHEID (CPHD) had its IPO in 2000.
In what year did Ixia - XXIA - have its IPO?
Ixia (XXIA) had its IPO in 2000.
