Piggybacking sending an acknowledgement in an individual frame it is piggy-backed on the data frame.
RNR
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To make sure all the frames are delivered to the receiver in proper order a protocal calls for the receiver to send back special control frames bearing positive and negative acknowledgements about the incoming frames.If the sender receives a positivev acknowledgement it is termed that the frames have reached safely on the other hand if is negative the frame must be transmitted again. There are chances that due to hardware problems (i.e noise burst) some frames may get vanished. In this case, the protocol waiting for the acknowledgement, would hang forever. To nullify this effect a timer is introduced. When the sender transmits a frame it also starts the timer. The timer is set to go off long enough for the frame to reach the destination, be processed there, have an acknowledgement propagate back to the sender. If either the frame or the acknowledgement is lost the timer goes off automatically alerting the sender to transmit the frame again. Sequence numbers are provided to the frames so that the receiver can distinguish if the frames are repeated again.
personal computer, hand held computers,work station, Mid range station, main frame, and supercomputer
csma
Frame Size
In Stop and Wait ARQ, the sender needs to stop and wait for acknowledgement to each data frame that it has sent to the receiver When the sender sends a data frame to the receiver it starts timer. If the frame that the sender has sent is damaged. The receiver will not get any frame received So, it doesn't send any acknowledgement to that frame. By then, if the timer expires, the sender will resend that frame. In this protocol, sender has to set the timer every time it sends a frame. How ever in Go Back n ARQ, the sender need not wait for the acknowledgement of the first frame it has sent. Sender can send multiple frames while waiting for acknowledgement. Several frames can be sent before we receive news about the previous frames. This s aves time. A task has begun before the previous task has ended. Here the task is sending all the subsequent frames after sending the first frame before getting the acknowledgement for the first frame. so eventually multiple frames are to be put in transition while waiting for acknowledgement. This is called Pipelining. this improves the efficiency of the transmission.
suppose that a stop and wait ARQ system has a time out value that is less then the time required to receive an acknowledgement. sketch the sequence of frame exchanges that transpire between two stations when station A sends five frames to station B and no errors occur during trasmission. what is a mail server? briefly explain specifying the protocols involved, how a sender can send a mail to the server and the recipient retrieves it from the server? what is datagram
Sony, Viewsonic, and Audiovox make a digital frame with a bulit-in slide show feature.
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Frame Aggregation
Frame Aggregation
Frame aggregation
Yes it does toll the time frame. Any acknowledgment of the debt starts the period over again.
It will re-start the time frame in every jurisdiction. The payment represents an acknowledgement of the debt.
'64-'67 Station wagon or El camino frame.
in our photography class, it is either frame within frame, or double images. everyone calls it different things, but universally called frame within frame. :) If you mean frame within a 'door' frame. then it is called a sub-frame
true or false? Answer is False.