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The BIOS (Basic Input-Output System) chip is responsible for testing and identifying the installed components, initializing the devices, testing and counting the memory, and launching the operating system. It also loads simple input and output routines in memory (hence the name) that an operating system can use, although most modern operating systems and drivers provide their own. DOS used those system calls, but Windows provides its own, so these are only needed while Windows is loading. When you turn on the PC, the CPU is among the first devices to initialize. Upon loading, the CPU jumps to code stored in the BIOS. Then the BIOS takes over from there, using the CPU to perform its tasks.

The BIOS chip contains basic information about your computer, such as the type of disk drive and the settings that you want to keep, such as which disk to boot from FIRST.

Every time the computer is turned on the processor starts with a blank slate. It knows nothing and searches for the BIOS chip to find the information that it needs.

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