Design
Neither, it is not classified under input or output. It has its own identity
I expect you mean "Is Card reader/writer input or output?". If this is so, it is both an input and output device. Whenever you are trying to categorize a device as Input or Output, think of how it looks from the computer.If the computer is transmitting data to it, it is an Output device.If the computer is receiving data from it, it is an Input device.
A 'byte' is a unit of storage - not an input or output.
output cuz it got swag
Output. An actuator is a little motor that moves when it receives an input.
There need not be any relationship.
A function.
is unknown
Relation
Function
Returns to scale refer to a special relationship between output and input. During production, this relationship refers to the connection between the changes that occur with the output and those that began in the input.
yes
function
Input energy = output energy + losses
function rule
: It depicts a relationship between output and a given input.
output